具隔離聯網功能混合能源供電之電動車開關式磁阻馬達驅動系統

A HYBRID SOURCE POWERED EV SWITCHED-RELUCTANCE MOTOR DRIVE WITH ISOLATED GRID-CONNECTED CAPABILITY

郭智維(Zhi-Wei Guo)

指導教授 ： 廖聰明

國立清華大學/電機資訊學院/電機工程學系所/碩士(2018年)

摘要

本論文旨在開發具電網至車輛、車輛至家庭、車輛至電網功能之電池/超電容混合能源供電電動車開關式磁阻馬達驅動系統。藉適當電路安排與控制，所提車輛聯網輔助功能均以原馬達驅動系統既存元件實現，而電氣隔離由諧振直流/直流轉換器達成。
電池與超電容各自經全橋直流/直流轉換器與單臂雙向轉換器介接至馬達驅動級之直流鏈。前者具備低於電池電壓之直流鏈電壓設定彈性，得以於廣速度範圍下提升整體驅動性能。透過所提濾波電流分離與最大電池放電電流設定策略，超電容可有效處理暫態與尖峰功率，電池電流應力從而緩和，而具較平順放電特性。超電容亦協助電池調節其電流追控誤差。此外，超電容被安排於車輛定速時期由電池進行回充，確保需大電流輸出之加速期間，有充足能量協助電池供電。
在馬達驅動控制方面，為增進線圈電流追蹤響應，迴授控制輔以反電動勢前向控制及強健追蹤誤差消除控制。此外，應用動態換相前移與直流鏈升壓策略，降低於高速/高載下之反電動勢效應。
於車輛閒置狀態，單相三線切換式整流器由馬達驅動系統既有電路元件構成，以執行車載電池充電之電網至車輛操作。反之，於車輛至家庭/車輛至電網操作下，單相三線變頻器產生110V/220V 60Hz 交流電供給家用或回送電能至電網。於從事電網至車輛/車輛至電網之聯網期間，電池將補償負載虛功及諧波功。此外，進一步建立三相切換式整流器與三相變頻器，從事電動車與三相市電之電網至車輛/車輛至電網操作，可得良好電力品質之車載快速充電。

關鍵字

電動車 ； 開關式磁阻馬達 ； 電池 ； 超電容 ； 諧振轉換器 ； 變頻器 ； 切換式整流器 ； 電網至車輛 ； 車輛至電網 ； 車輛至家庭

並列摘要

This thesis develops a battery/super-capacitor (SC) hybrid source powered electric vehicle (EV) switched-reluctance motor (SRM) drive with grid-to-vehicle (G2V), vehicle-to-home (V2H) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) functions. Through proper schematic arrangement and control, these auxiliary functions are implemented using the SRM drive embedded components. The galvanic isolation in grid-connected operations is achieved by a resonant DC/DC converter.
The battery and the SC are connected to the motor drive DC-link via an H-bridge DC/DC converter and a one-leg bidirectional converter, respectively. The former lets the motor drive possess higher flexibility in DC-link voltage setting, which can even be lower than the battery voltage to improve the EV driving performance over wide speed range. Through the proposed filter-based current separation approach and maximum discharging current setting, the battery current stress can be mitigated to have smoother discharging current characteristics. And the SC can effectively deal with the fast and peak power fluctuation. The SC also helps the battery to regulate its current tracking error. In addition, the SC is arranged to be charged by the battery during the constant driving speed duration. Therefore, more sufficient energy of SC to help the battery in acceleration can be ensured.
In EV motor driving control, to enhance the winding current tracking responses, the properly designed feedback controller is augmented with an observed back electromotive force (EMF) based feed-forward controller and a robust current tracking error cancellation controller (RCECC). Moreover, the commutation shifting and the voltage boosting are applied to reduce the effects of back-EMF under higher speeds and/or heavier loads.
In idle condition, the original SRM drive schematic is rearranged to form a single- phase three-wire (1P3W) switched-mode rectifier (SMR) to conduct the G2V on-board battery charging. Conversely in V2H/V2G operations, a 1P3W inverter is constructed. The single-phase 60Hz 110V/220V AC voltages are yielded to power the home appliance or send back power to the utility grid. During the G2V/V2G grid-connected operations, the load reactive and harmonic powers can be compensated by the battery. In addition, a three-phase SMR and a three-phase inverter are further established to perform the G2V/V2G operations between the developed EV drive and the three-phase utility grid. The three-phase utility grid can achieve the quick on-board charging with good line drawn power quality.

並列關鍵字

electric vehicle ； switched-reluctance motor ； battery ； super-capacitor ； resonant converter ； inverter ； switched-mode rectifier ； grid-to-vehicle ； vehicle-to-grid ； vehicle-to- home

參考文獻

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