具蓄電池/超電容混合式儲能與電網至車輛/車輛至電網功能之電動車輛切換式磁阻馬達驅動系統

AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE SWITCHED-RELUCTANCE MOTOR DRIVE WITH BATTERY/SUPER-CAPACITOR HYBRID ENERGY STORAGE AND GRID-TO-VEHICLE/VEHICLE-TO-GRID FUNCTIONS

易沛勳(Pei-Hsun Yi)

指導教授 ： 廖聰明

國立清華大學/電機資訊學院/電機工程學系/碩士(2013年)

摘要

本論文旨在開發一具蓄電池/超電容混合式儲能之電動車切換式磁阻馬達驅動系統，兼具電網至車輛及車輛至電網操作功能。馬達驅動系統之電力電路由一雙象限前端直流/直流轉換器及一非對稱橋式轉換器構成。藉由適宜之切換、電流及速度控制，獲得良好之可反轉驅控與煞車特性。並使用換相前移及直流鏈電壓升壓技巧，進一步增進馬達於高速下之驅控性能。此外，應用功率型超電容儲能增補能量型蓄電池儲能，以得較佳之電動車總體儲能利用特性。特定而言，超電容可提供短期且快速之放電/充電操作，並有利蓄電池壽命之延長。
當車輛處於閒置狀態，所提馬達驅動系統組態可重新安排建構形成集成式電力轉換器以執行下列功能：(1) 電網至車輛充電模式：以一降壓型直流/直流轉換器後接於單相全橋式升壓型切換式整流器對蓄電池充電，具功因校正能力。此外，由適當改接，所提馬達驅動系統亦可形成一單級降-升壓切換式整流器。(2) 聯網之車輛至電網放電模式：除本地負載外，可回送設定之實功至市電。(3) 獨立操控之車輛至家庭放電模式：組建一單相三線變頻器產生60Hz 220/110V之交流電源供給家電設備。應用所採之差模及共模控制策略，於未知及非線性負載下，具有良好之電壓波形品質。所開發馬達驅動系統中之所有電力轉換器之數位控制均由一共同數位處理器實現，並以一些模擬及實測結果驗證其於不同模式下之操作效能。

關鍵字

切換式磁阻馬達 ； 電動車 ； 蓄電池 ； 再生煞車 ； 超電容 ； 單相三線式變頻器 ； 車上充電器 ； 功因校正 ； 電網至車輛 ； 車輛至家庭 ； 車輛至電網

並列摘要

This thesis develops an electric vehicle (EV) switched-reluctance motor (SRM) drive with battery/super-capacitor hybrid storage and incorporated with grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) functions. The power circuit of the motor drive is formed by a bidirectional two-quadrant front-end DC/DC converter and a SRM asymmetric bridge converter. Through proper switching control, current and speed controls, good reversible driving and braking characteristics are obtained. The commutation advanced shift as well as voltage boosting are further applied to enhance the driving performance under higher speed. In addition, by augmenting the energy type battery storage with the power type super-capacitor storage, better overall storage utilization of an EV is achieved. Specifically speaking, the short and fast discharging/charging operations can be served by the super-capacitor bank. This is also beneficial in lengthening battery life.
In idle condition, the proposed motor drive schematic can be rearranged to construct the integrated power converter to perform the following functions: (1) G2V charging mode: a single-phase two-stage switch-mode rectifier (SMR) based charger is formed with power factor correction (PFC) capability. Its power circuit consists of a full-bridge boost SMR and a followed DC/DC buck converter. Moreover, a single-stage buck-boost SMR based charger can be established through proper arrangement; (2) Grid-connected V2G discharging mode: in addition to the local loads, the programmed real power can be sent back to the utility grid; (3) Autonomous V2H discharging mode: a single-phase three-wire (1P3W) inverter is established to generate the 60Hz 220V/110V AC sources to power home applications. Through applying the differential mode (DM) and common mode (CM) control approaches, good voltage waveform qualities are preserved under unknown and non-linear loads.
All the digital controls of the constituted power stages in the developed SRM drive system are realized using a common digital signal processor (DSP). Some simulated and experimental results are provided to verify its operation performances under various modes.

並列關鍵字

SRM ； EV ； battery ； regenerative braking ； super-capacitor ； single-phase three-wire inverter ； on-board charger ； power factor correction ； grid-to-vehicle ； vehicle-to-home ； vehicle-to-grid

參考文獻

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