疾病場域：清中前期天主教在中國的傳播與接受

Disease Field: Spreading and Accepting of Catholic Religion in Early and Mid-Qing China

林育臣(Yu-Chen Lin)

指導教授 ： 毛傳慧

國立清華大學/人文社會學院/歷史研究所/碩士(2019年)

摘要

本研究探討清中前期天主教藉由疾病的宗教傳播，以及中國人的接受。主要以《耶穌會士中國書簡集》、《清中前期西洋天主教在華活動檔案史料》為核心史料，並以「疾病場域」為概念進行分析。天主教傳教士與教友基於拯救靈魂的動機，設法以醫療與儀式的策略進入疾病場域，在疾病場域中透過社會關係、施善展演與喪禮等途徑來拓展傳教。在疾病場域中，中國人基於多種原因選擇接受天主教，除了過去學界重視的儀式與醫療的效驗，親情、來世觀等亦為重要的因素。並且，中國人在天主教的傳播與接受的腳色不都是被動的，亦有中國人主動接受天主教。而天主教甚至能透過齋戒、書籍與聖物，在禁教期間傳教士缺席的情況下繼續傳播。

關鍵字

天主教 ； 疾病 ； 洗禮 ； 儀式

並列摘要

This work discusses the spread of Catholic religion through diseases and the acceptance of the Chinese converts. The whole research is Based on texts majorly from “Lettres Édifiantes et Curieuses, écrites des missions étrangères” and “Qing zhong qian qi xi yang Tian zhu jiao zai Hua huo dong dang an shi liao”, and aims to use the concept “disease field” to analysis them. Catholic missionaries and lay Christians managed to enter diseases fields through strategy of medical behavior and religious rites based on the motivation of saving souls, then they continued to spread their religion through approaches of social connections of the patients, demonstration of charity and funeral holding. In the diseases fields Chinese people chose to convert to Catholicism because of several reasons, including effectiveness of rites and remedies, better view of afterlife or their strong relationship with converted family members. The position of Chinese converts in the spread and acceptance of Catholic religion weren’t always passive, some of them even asked for baptism initiatively when they encountered severe diseases. Catholic religion also was spread through fasting, catechism books and sacred items under the condition of the absence of priests during the time that Christianity was banned.

並列關鍵字

Catholic ； disease ； baptism ； rite

參考文獻

漢文史料

艾儒略，《性學觕述》，閩中天主堂刻行本。

利瑪竇，《天主實義》，北京：商務印書，2014。

第一歷史檔案館編，《清中前期西洋天主教在華活動檔案》北京：中華書局，2003。

陽瑪諾，《聖經直解》，清乾隆五十五年京都始胎大堂重刊本。