根據國內大樣本調查,近年來國小校園人際傷害問題仍待改善,且學童常以報復而非寬恕的反應方式處理所遭受的人際傷害。然而,過去針對人際衝突的研究,大多在探討學童攻擊行為傾向,未能深入了解影響學童寬恕傾向的因素與心理機制。因此,本研究提出一項整合認知與情緒因素之架構模式,以探討學童之友誼親密感對寬恕傾向的影響,以及各項中介效果。研究參與者為264位國小六年級學童(男性128人,女性136人)。本研究採問卷法,測量參與者的實際人際衝突經驗與反應傾向。結構方程模式分析結果顯示:(1)參與者的「親密感」與「善意對逃避動機」呈正向關聯,且與「報復動機」呈負向關聯。(2)「生氣情緒」部分中介「友誼親密感」對「善意對逃避動機」的效果,且完全中介「親密感」對「報復動機」的效果。(3)「敵意歸因」部分中介「親密感」對「善意對逃避動機」的效果,且完全中介「親密感」對「報復動機」的效果。(4)「反芻思考」部分中介「親密感」對「善意對逃避動機」的效果,且完全中介「親密感」對「報復動機」的效果。(5)「同理心」與「善意對逃避動機」呈正向關聯,且與「報復動機」呈負向關聯。針對國小高年級學童寬恕傾向之影響因素與影響模式,本研究結果在理論或教育實踐上皆有參考價值。
According to national surveys in recent years, school bullying problems still need to be lessened in Taiwan. Besides, children often use aggressive but not forgiving ways to response to interpersonal transgressions. However, previous studies of interpersonal transgression seldom focused on children’s forgiveness motivation. Therefore, the present study proposes an integrated model to investigate the cognitive and affective factors and mediation effects on the relationships between intimacy and forgiveness motivation of children. Participants included 264 sixth grade students (128 males, 136 females) from four elementary schools. Modified questionnaires were adopted to investigate participants’ experience of interpersonal conflict. The results of structural equation modeling analysis indicate that: (1) children’s “intimacy” is positively correlated with “benevolence versus avoidance motivation” and negatively correlated with “revenge motivation”; (2) “hostile attribution” partially mediates the effects between “intimacy” and “benevolence versus avoidance motivation” and fully mediates the effects between “intimacy” and “revenge motivation”; (3) “angry emotion” partially mediates the effects between “intimacy” and “benevolence versus avoidance motivation” and fully mediates the effects between “intimacy” and “revenge motivation”; (4) “rumination” also partially mediates the effects between “intimacy” and “benevolence versus avoidance motivation” and fully mediates the effects between “intimacy” and “revenge motivation”; (5) “empathy ability” is positively correlated with their “benevolence versus avoidance motivation” and negatively correlated with their “revenge motivation”. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.