社會企業於台灣之法制實現 — 以個案研究為啟發

The Legal Framework of Social Enterprise in Taiwan - Implications from Case Studies

陳彥均(Chen, Yen Chun)

指導教授 ： 蔡昌憲

國立清華大學/科技管理學院/科技法律研究所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2015.00296

摘要

社會企業(social enterprise)是近年來順應各種社會問題與全球企業組織發展潮流，所因運而生之混合型組織(hybrid organization);其特色在於協助解決各式社會問題之餘，企業本身又能獲利並持續經營。台灣社會企業之發展尚屬初步階段，縱然社會企業是歐美非營利組織之新趨勢，但台灣是否應該師法或跟隨此一潮流，則仍有爭議;且囿於社會企業於法規面向之不確定性，是社會企業於台灣面臨困境之主因之一，故本文試行就國內外相關文獻，對社會企業之組織治理進行探究，並輔以美國社會企業之相關制度，對照台灣現行之各項相關法規與草案，分別提出解釋、分析，最後以質性分析之研究方法訪談三家社會企業與一家社團法人，綜合上述學理與實務之探究，提出台灣未來之修法建議，希冀為社會企業之發展注入活水和契機。

首先對社會企業之上位概念-企業社會責任(CSR)進行初步探討，除了聚焦於利害關係人理論和條款，並試行分析企業社會責任(CSR)和社會企業之關聯;後以美國法制為本，正式介紹社會企業之概念，並嘗試對社會企業進行定義，其中又以受託義務(Fiduciary Duty)為核心，並輔以非法律規範之市場上外部他律機制，包括認證、契約與監控等執行機制之探究，接續聚焦於美國之福祉型公司(Benefit Corporation)，其中又以德拉瓦州之福祉型公司-公益公司(PBC)為核心，探討受託義務與前述機制之發展，俾台灣法制之比較與借鏡。

最後針對台灣現行各項相關法制，如公司法和企業併購法等進行解釋與分析，並以上述討論與分析為基礎，輔以三家社會企業與一家社團法人為研究對象，進行實證之個案研究。結論之部分，乃綜合上述文獻分析與四項訪談成果，分別以近程、中程與長程之觀察角度，對台灣社會企業之法制發展提出修法建議與因應之道，盼對於社會企業於台灣之法制發展，有正面且實質之幫助。

關鍵字

社會企業 ； 企業社會責任 ； 受託義務 ； 利害關係人 ； 利害關係人條款 ； 福祉型公司 ； 公益公司

並列摘要

Social enterprise is a type of hybrid organizations which originates from solving various social problems and with the development trend of global organizations in recent years. The character of social enterprise is not only to help solve a variety of social issues but also making profits and continuing operations itself. Taiwan is still on the preliminary stages for developing social enterprises. Although social enterprise is a new trend for non-profit organizations in Europe and America, it is controversial that Taiwan should follow this trend. Besides, regulatory uncertainty is one of the main difficulties that social enterprise encounters in Taiwan, so this paper will focus on the organizational governance issues of social enterprise that related to domestic and foreign literature. In addition to referring the structures and systems adopted by America, but comparing relevant regulations and the draft in order to interpret and analyze related issues. In the ends, this paper will interview three social enterprises and one corporate juristic person by the research method of qualitative analysis. Combining academic and practical research mentioned above, expecting to propose complete legislative suggestions of social enterprise in the future and to promote the development of social enterprise in Taiwan.

First, focusing on the superordinate concept of social enterprise - Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), in addition to emphasizing the stakeholder theory and constituency statutes, but finding and analyzing the connection between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and social enterprises. Afterwards, based on the regulations in America, will formally introduced the concept of social enterprise, and try to define social enterprises. Then continuing to elaborate about the issue of fiduciary duty, including the introduction of certification, contract and monitoring mechanism. Especially focusing on benefit corporation in America, in the core of public benefit corporation (PBC) in Delaware, exploring the development of fiduciary duty and as the means to learn from and compare for the legal system in Taiwan.

At the last part, will interpret and analyze relevant regulations in Taiwan, such as Corporate Law and Business Mergers and Acquisitions Act. Also taking three social enterprises and one corporate juristic person into consideration as empirical cases study. In the conclusions, based on the analysis that accomplished above and interviews with three social enterprises and one corporate juristic person, proposing amendments for social enterprise legislation by short-range, medium-range and long-range of perspectives. Hope these suggestions would lead social enterprises to positive and essential progress in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Social Enterprise ； Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) ； Fiduciary duty ； Stakeholders ； Constituency Statute ； Benefit Corporation ； Public Benefit Corporation

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