高社會支配性幼兒之資源控制策略探討

The Study of High Social Dominant Children’s Resource Control Strategies

蔡秀蘭(Hsiu-Lan Tsai)

指導教授 ： 周育如

國立清華大學/竹師教育學院/幼兒教育學系/碩士(2017年)

摘要

本研究旨在探討高社會支配性幼兒使用資源控制策略之情形。研究分為兩個部分，第一部分以新竹市私立幼兒園四至六歲幼兒為研究參與者，共110位，由教師填寫「社會支配性檢核表」「資源控制策略量表」與「道德行為量表」評估幼兒的狀況與請父母填寫「父母教養方式問卷」，進行描述統計、皮爾森積差相關與變異數之分析，藉以瞭解幼兒社會支配性之分布趨勢及與相關因素之關係。第二部分由研究者進入幼兒園觀察，選取由第一階段篩選出30名高社會支配性幼兒為對象，使用「資源控制策略觀察表」紀錄幼兒的資源控制策略使用情形，藉以瞭解高社會支配性幼兒之資源控制策略使用情形。
第一部分的研究結果發現，幼兒社會支配性的分布趨勢，在年齡上有所差異，但性別沒有差異。而在幼兒社會支配性之相關因素中，利社會控制策略及強制控制策略的分數，隨著年齡有逐漸增長的趨勢，並與社會支配性達顯著相關，而中班及小班的利社會控制策略及強制控制策都與社會支配性達顯著相關，但大班則無。此外，社會支配性較高的幼兒較多是雙策略控制者與利社會策略控制者。道德行為方面，幼兒的道德行為會隨著年齡的增長而有所提升，但控制年齡變量後，道德行為與社會支配性之間並無關聯性存在。父母教養方式方面，大班幼兒之社會支配性分數與「剝奪權利」達顯著相關，中班幼兒則是與「體罰」達顯著相關，「陪伴遊戲或活動」與兩種策略都達顯著的負相關，「學校參與」和強制控制策略達顯著的負相關。
第二部分資源控制策略的觀察方面，發現大班與中班的利社會控制策略次數明顯高於小班幼兒，中班的強制控制策略高於大班與小班，實施無母數檢定，發現利社會控制策略次數隨年齡上升，達顯著差異，但強制控制策略次數卻沒有達顯著差異。利社會控制策略的項目中以「提出建議或提示給其他幼兒」與「提供物品給其他幼兒」的次數最多，而「口頭誤導同伴」的次數最少，強制控制策略的項目中以「直接把同伴的物品拿走」與「阻止同伴」的次數最多，最少的是「肢體攻擊同伴」的項目。在資源控制策略的分類上，研究者與老師以利社會控制者與強制策略控制者分類較一致，差異較大的是雙策略控制者與典型者。而高社會支配性幼兒與高社會支配性幼兒互動時，較多使用利社會的策略，與一般社會支配性幼兒及低社會支配性幼兒互動時，較多使用強制策略。
本研究之結果除了增進吾人對瞭解幼兒社會支配性之瞭解，也提供家長與教育工作者之參考。

關鍵字

幼兒 ； 社會支配性 ； 資源控制策略

並列摘要

This study was designed to investigate the resource control strategies for high social dominant children, and the associations between resource control strategies and social dominance, measures of parenting, and moral behavior. A total of 110 preschoolers (ages 4–6) were rated by their teachers on social dominance, moral behavior, and resources control strategies and rated by their parent on parenting. The high dominant children were observed resource control behavior in a play situation.
The study indicated that there is significant difference in social dominance between age groups, while there is not between sexes. The points of prosocial control strategy and coercive control strategy increase as the age increases. Especially for 4 and 5 years old children, their prosocial control strategy, coercive control strategy and social dominance are highly correlated. The high social dominant children shows stronger resource control strategy. Most of them are bistrategic controllers and prosocial controllers.
Children’s moral behaviors become better and better along with the age increase, and are highly correlated with social dominance. While after controlling the age difference, the moral behaviors and social dominance are not correlated.
In parenting, The average score of social rewards is the highest, while the average score of corporal punishment and emotional discipline are the lowest. 6-years-old children’s social dominance is correlated with the deprivation of right. 5-years-old children’s social dominance is correlated with the corporal punishment of parenting. Then, it is found that prosocial control strategy and coercive control strategy are negatively correlated with company activity. School participation is negatively correlated with coercive control strategy.
Based on the observation of different age groups for resource control behaviors, prosocial control strategy is increasing along with the age increase, while coercive control strategy is not. Under the observation of prosocial control strategy, the number of times of giving suggestions or prompting the partner and offering objects are the most. Oppositely, the number of times of verbally misleading the partner is the fewest. Under the observation of coercive control strategy, the number of times of taking objects directly and thwarting the partner are the most. Oppositely, the number of times of physically aggressive is the fewest. For the classification of resource control strategy, researchers and teachers are the same on prosocial controllers, while the bistrategic controllers and typical controllers are different. High dominant children tend to use prosocial control strategy when interacting with high-dominant children. On the other hand, when interacting with lower dominant children, they tend to use coercive control strategy.
The study not only improved academic trends in domestic, but also provides references for parents and educators.

並列關鍵字

children ； social dominance ； resource control strategy

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