天慶觀、道書與道服：宋代士人生活中的道教世界

Tianqing Temple, Books, and Garments:Prospect of Taoism in Daily Life of Song Elite.

陳柏勳(Po-hsun Chen)

指導教授 ： 廖咸惠

國立清華大學/人文社會學院/歷史研究所/碩士(2016年)

摘要

本文以宋代士人生活中普遍存在的道教經驗為主要討論的對象，依序由天慶觀的形成、道書的流通和道服的流行等三個面向議題，考察他們實際參與的行為模式，以揭示士人文化較少被關注的道教面向和扮演角色。首先，天慶觀是宋朝落實於全國地方的代表性道觀，透過朝謁禮制的慣例和大量士人的參與，形成貫串兩宋社會獨特且多面向的宮觀型態。其次，由於士人階層喜好追求文字知識的特性，往往促成他們普遍造訪宮觀、探求道書的主要原因。所以，在他們的日常生活裡，道書的閱讀和流通也成為士人知識行為的一項重要特徵。最後，從代表社會身分的外在服飾來看，大量士人流行道服的穿著文化，也是饒富社會發展意義的指標性現象，對於我們瞭解宋代士人文化和道教元素之間的交織互動，自然是別具歷史意義的新鮮題材。同時，對於反思宋代崇道政策的執行及其實際發揮的影響本身，也是一種具體可徵的考察途徑。畢竟，自宋開國以來，延續唐代的崇道政策外，於北宋真宗、徽宗兩朝曾先後出現兩次的崇道熱潮。到了南宋時期，即使未再出現類似的奉道狂熱，但事實上崇道的慣例早已成為本朝恪守的祖宗成規之一。對於考慮一般社會的接納狀況和影響程度，亦能從上述幾種道教元素的現象，獲取相對可靠的參考座標。

關鍵字

宋代士人 ； 天慶觀 ； 道書 ； 道服 ； 日常生活

並列摘要

This article focuses on Taoist experience that commonly existed in the daily life of Song elite as the main subject. Through the three topics of discussion: the establishment of Tianqing Temple, the circulation of Taoist books, and the popularity of Taoist garments, the author observes their actual behavior pattern of involvement in these aspects to reveal the Taoist element in Elite culture, which had received less concern than it shall. Firstly, the Tianqing Temple was a representative shrine that existed all over the nation, so the custom of pilgrimage and the copious number of elite pilgrims who partook the journey formed a unique, multi-perspective temple style throughout the two Song dynasties. Secondly, the fashion of learning textual knowledge stimulated the elite to frequently visit temples and search for Taoist books. Therefore, the reading and circulation of Taoist books became an important character of knowledge-seeking elites. Finally, by observing the clothing-an indicator of social status-the fact that many elite class members became fond of Taoist garments was also a symbolic phenomenon of social development, a fresh topic of historical meaning that may help us understand the interaction between Song elite culture and Taoist elements. Simultaneously, this trend could serve as a route of research that explain the implementation and consequences of Song court’s pro-Taoist policies. After all, Song dynasty had been continuing pro-Taoist policies imposed since Tang dynasty, and two Taoist upsurges had occurred during Zhenzong and Huizong’s reigns, respectively. Although the zeal was not as evident in Southern Song, Taoism had already integrated itself with other obliged traditions of the dynasty, whose social acceptance and sphere of influence could be weighed by the aforementioned developments.

並列關鍵字

Song Elite ； Tianqing Temple ； Books, Garments ； Garments ； Daily Life

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