應用訊號注入之無位置感測永磁同步馬達驅動系統

A POSITION SENSORLESS PERMANENT-MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR DRIVE USING SIGNAL INJECTION

黃皇遠(Huang-Yuan Huang)

指導教授 ： 廖聰明

國立清華大學/電機資訊學院/電機工程學系/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2009.00702

摘要

本論文旨在開發一以數位訊號處理器為主具單相切換式整流器前級之無位置感測永磁同步馬達驅動系統。首先，建構一具切換式整流器前級之標準永磁同步馬達驅動系統，並妥善設計其控制機構以得良好之馬達驅動性能及優良之交流入電電力品質，其兩級電力電路之數位控制法則皆以一共同之數位信號處理器實現。接著探究一些影響馬達驅控特性之關鍵事務，包含換相時刻移位、弱磁及直流鏈升壓。特別地，本文提出暫態及穩態弱磁調控策略，以增進永磁同步馬達之高速驅控性能。
接著探究永磁同步馬達脈動轉矩及振動之產生主因，並探究一些既有之脈動轉矩及振動降低策略。並實測觀察所建構永磁同步馬達系統之振動特性，應用隨機切換脈寬調變技巧，使馬達繞組之電流頻譜散亂均勻分佈，有效降低此馬達之振動。
最後，在探究既有主要永磁同步馬達無位置感測之控制技術後，開發一以高頻信號注入為主之無位置感測永磁同步馬達驅動系統，其具有下列特性：(i)應用電壓窄波激磁判別轉子之初始位置以行其單方向啟動；(ii)因精確之轉子絕對位置估測而獲得良好之低速驅控性能；(iii)利用所提之簡易強健控制進一步增進轉子估測位置之動態響應。

關鍵字

永磁同步馬達 ； 換相時刻移位 ； 弱磁 ； 數位信號處理器 ； 無位置感測控制 ； 初始位置估測 ； 單方向啟動 ； 切換式整流器 ； 隨機脈波寬度調變切換 ； 振動

並列摘要

This thesis is mainly concerned with the development of a DSP-based position sensorless permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive with single-phase switch-mode rectifier (SMR) front-end. First, a standard SMR-fed PMSM drive is established with the control schemes being designed to yield satisfactory motor driving performance and AC line drawn power quality. The control algorithms of two power stages are realized in a common digital signal processor (DSP). Then the key issues affecting the operation characteristics of PMSM drive are explored and evaluated experimentally, these include commutation shift, field excitation and DC-link voltage boosting, etc. Particularly, the static and dynamic field-weakening control approaches are proposed to enhance the PMSM performance under higher speed.
Next, the possible origins of torque ripple and vibration of PMSMs are explored, and some existing remedies in their reductions are understood. Then the experimental observation of vibration characteristics for the established PMSM drive is made. And the random pulse width modulation (PWM) is applied to randomize the winding current harmonic spectrum distribution, and thus to effectively achieve its vibration reduction.
Finally, having reviewed some commonly used existing position sensorless control methods of PMSM drive, a sensorless control scheme based on high-frequency signal injection is developed. It possesses the following features: (i) unidirectional starting is achieved based on magnetic anisotropy via narrow voltage pulse excitation; (ii) rotor absolute position is estimated to yield good low-speed driving performance; and (iii) a simple robust control is employed to enhance the dynamic response of rotor position estimation.

並列關鍵字

permanent-magnet synchronous motor ； commutation shift ； field-weakening ； digital signal processor ； sensorless control ； initial rotor position estimation ； unidirectional starting ； switch-mode rectifier ； random PWM switching ； vibration

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