京都議定書CO2排放量對台灣馬達技術鏈的影響

“溫室效應”是近年來最受重視的大氣環境問題，世界各國盡力想改善日趨嚴重的溫室效應，進而衍生出『京都議定書』約束CO2 (二氧化碳Carbon dioxide (CO2))等六種主要的溫室效應氣體之產生量，其中CO2佔了大氣汙染量55%的比例。研究中發現燃煤發電所排放的CO2是二氧化碳最大污染源，因此燃煤發電也成為全球管制二氧化碳污染的重點項目。根據世界各國的統計，使用電力最多的就是馬達，約佔總發電量的50-55%，因此世界各國在節省電力的使用上，都以要求馬達的效率提升，列為節約能源的首要任務。本論文探討『京都議定書』在2005年開始實施後，世界各國皆積極修改並提升馬達效率的國家標準。台灣是馬達產品外銷的出口國，面對先進國家對於電動馬達效率的提升要求，首當其衝的是以外銷為主要導向的台灣馬達電機產業，本文研究其所造成之影響、業界的因應措施及具體對策。同時也就馬達上下游產業供應鏈的配合與分析做進深入的探討。本論文以訪談馬達電機業界之研發、營業、品保等主管及馬達學者專家的實際參與對應『京都議定書』的經驗，整理分析並做成具體結論，提供反饋給馬達電機業界及政府節能政策機構。

關鍵字

京都議定書； CO2排放量；馬達產業；馬達效率； SWOT分析

並列摘要

“The green house effect” has been a worldwide atmospheric environmental concern so that various countries (or organizations) have actively taken actions as an attempt to contain its impact for years. As a result of a long negotiation, the so called 『Kyoto protocol』 was drafted and observed by most major countries as a guideline to restrain six main green-house gases emission volume. Among them, the carbon dioxide (CO2) has accounted for at least 55% of contamination. Study revealed that the coal-burning electricity generation is the major source of CO2 emission. Worldwide statistics also indicated that motors consume a big portion of the electricity energy and the consumption rate could reach 50~55% in some countries. A call to improve the efficiency as well as effectiveness of motor operation for energy savings has now become one of the hottest issues. Such requests have further caused strategy and business changes on the motor industry. In particular, the execution of 『Kyoto protocol』 resulted in a chain effect on the motor industry’s supply chain. Taiwan has been a major exporter of motors in the global market. This study aims at exploring the impacts of 『Kyoto protocol』 on Taiwan’s motor industry. Field empirical study was conducted. The top managers from key companies in Taiwan’s motor industry supply chain were interviewed. People from R&D, operation, and quality control were interviewed and asked to provide their assessments on the impact of the new world regulation. Critical factors are also tallied along the survey. Based on the empirical findings, conclusions and suggestions are then discussed.