空氣及室內粉塵中多溴聯苯醚濃度分佈與人體曝露量評估

The concentration and Assessment of Human Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Indoor Air and Dust

賴萬豪(Wah-Hau Lai)

指導教授 ： 凌永健

國立清華大學/理學院/化學系/碩士(2006年)

摘要

本研究測定室內空氣PBDEs濃度(平均123 pg/m3，54.3 ~ 227 pg/m3)比室外空氣(平均46.0 pg/m3，32.3 ~ 72.6 pg/m3)高，可能原因為PBDEs添加於室內之電子電器產品。PBDEs濃度在工作環境(平均152 pg/m3，115 ~ 225 pg/m3)比居家環境(平均94.2 pg/m3，54.3 ~ 173 pg/m3)高；工作環境室內粉塵PBDEs濃度(平均3567 ng/gw，160 ~ 9763 ng/gw)比居家環境(平均2320 ng/gw，91.7 ~ 16123 ng/gw)高，可能原因為工作環境使用之電子電器產品較多。在人體對於PBDEs曝露量方面，本研究評估國內成人對於空氣中PBDEs曝露量(平均29.7 pg/kg-d，19.1 ~ 50.6 pg/kg-d)也比小孩(平均49.9 pg/kg-d，29.0 ~ 91.1 pg/kg-d)低；本研究評估國內成人對於室內粉塵中PBDEs之曝露量(平均3.60 ng/kg-d，0.44 ~ 18.9 ng/kg-d)比小孩(平均28.8 ng/kg-d，1.10 ~ 199.7 ng/kg-d )低。由曝露量結果可知人體對於室內粉塵中PBDEs曝露量比空氣中PBDEs曝露量高上100 ~ 1000倍，說明室內粉塵PBDEs曝露量重要性比空氣重要許多。本研究測定之室內外空氣和室內粉塵中PBDEs濃度及人體曝露量，較大多數工業國家為低。
本研究並未發現室內空氣中PBDEs和市售阻燃劑(五溴、八溴和十溴)有明顯之關連性，發現部分室內粉塵中PBDEs和市售阻燃劑有關連性，且室內粉塵樣品中PBDEs濃度分佈和亞洲之進口量相似(十溴＞八溴＞五溴)，但和商業化產品(電視、電腦與PUF材料)沒有明顯之關連性，原因有待更進一步之調查研究。

關鍵字

多溴聯苯醚 ； 人體曝露量

並列摘要

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used in electrical and electronic products. We have therefore investigated PBDEs in indoor ambient and found the concentration of PBDEs in indoor air (avg. = 123 pg/m3，54.3 ~ 227 pg/m3) is higher than those in outdoor air (avg. = 46.0 pg/m3，32.3 ~ 72.6 pg/m3). The concentration of PBDEs in indoor dust from working environment (avg. = 3567 ng/gw，160 ~ 9763 ng/gw) is higher than those from housing environment (avg. = 2320 ng/gw，91.7 ~ 16123 ng/gw). We also found that the adults exposure to PBDEs in air (avg. = 29.7 pg/kg-d，19.1 ~ 50.6 pg/kg-d) is lower than the children(avg. = 49.9 pg/kg-d，29.0 ~ 91.1 pg/kg-d). The adults exposure to PBDEs in indoor dust (avg. = 3.60 ng/kg-d，0.44 ~ 18.9 ng/kg-d) is also lower than the children (avg. = 28.8 ng/kg-d，1.10 ~ 199.7 ng/kg-d). The exposure to PBDEs in indoor dust is 100 ~ 1000 times higher than that in air. The concentration of and human exposure to PBDEs in air and indoor dust in Taiwan are lower than most industrial countries.
This study didn’t find clear relationship between PBDEs in indoor air and commercial brominated flame retardants (BFR) materials. Instead, a relationship between indoor dust and BFR materials was observed. However, the relationship between indoor dust and commercial products was not observed.

並列關鍵字

PBDEs ； human exposure

參考文獻

5. 彭瑞華（2002）。環境基質中溴化戴奧辛及多溴聯苯醚之高解析度氣相層析質譜分析，中原大學碩士論文。

1. Bromine Science and Environmental Forum. http://www.bsef.com/ （accessed by 2006）

3. Richard J. (2002) Uncertainties and data needs in risk assessment of three commercial polybrominated diphenyl ethers: probabilistic exposure analysis and comparison with European Commission results. Chemosphere (46): 779-796.

6. T. Gouin, T. Harner (2003) Modeling the Environmental Fate of the Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers. Environmental International (29): 717–724.

7. 林純如（2004）。多溴聯苯醚 (PBDEs)對單孔蚓 (Monopylephorus limosus)之存活與蛋白質表現之影響，國立中山大學碩士論文。