知識外溢對高科技廠商表現之貢獻-台灣新竹科學園區之實証分析

The Contribution of Knowledge Spillovers on High-technology Firms' Performance: An Empirical Study of Taiwan's HsinChu Science-based Industrial Park

黎綺雯(Yee-Man Lai)

指導教授 ： 祁玉蘭

國立清華大學/科技管理學院/經濟學系/碩士(2006年)

摘要

近年來，廠商之間的知識外溢效果，被認為對生產力提升有正面影響而備受廣泛重視。最近的文獻指出廠商間地理上之接近和技術上相似可增強知識外溢效果，因而使得知識外溢效果成為產業群聚中一個重要的好處。在台灣，新竹科學園區短短二十多年內呈現快速成長，加上園區內地理及技術上相近，使人聯想到竹科內是否存在知識外溢效果？並此現象對廠商表現是否有正面的貢獻？本論文著重於探討竹科內的知識外溢效果對廠商表現之貢獻。此外，矽谷對竹科半導體產業的國際知識外溢效果(International Knowledge Spillover)亦為本論文之討論範圍。我們依照Jaffe(1986)所提出的technology-based approach，使用廠商已核准專利資料在技術分類上之分佈，建立知識外溢變數之基礎。根據K-平均分群法之結果，把全體知識外溢效果(Total Knowledge spillover)分為群內知識外溢效果(Internal Knowledge Spillover)及群外知識外溢效果(External Knowledge Spillover)。本實証使用之資料樣本為2000年至2004年新竹科學園區之上市、上櫃及興櫃公司，共有92家竹科廠商被採用。估計方法則採用一次差分一般動差法(Generalized Method of Moment, GMM)選擇適當之工具變數估計模型。本篇研究實證結果有三：(1)全體知識外溢效果對廠商表現有正面但不顯著的貢獻。(2)群外知識外溢效果對廠商表現有正面且顯著的貢獻，而群內知識外溢效果對廠商表現則有正面且不顯著的貢獻。(3)國際間知識外溢效果對廠商表現有正面且顯著的貢獻。

關鍵字

知識外溢 ； 科學園區 ； 高科技產業 ； 聚落

並列摘要

Knowledge spillover is regarded as one of the important sources of industrial agglomeration. To gauge its importance in agglomeration economies, this thesis attempts to assess the knowledge spillover effects on HsinChu Science-based Industrial Park (HSIP)’s high-tech firm performance, following Jaffe’s methodology (1986) to construct knowledge spillover variables. Then, through the result of k-mean clustering, we further construct intra- and inter-cluster knowledge spillovers and analyzed their impacts in this thesis. Furthermore, the influence of the international knowledge spillover from Silicon Valley on HSIP semiconductor industry are also examined A first-difference GMM econometric method is applied to examine firm-specific effect and simultaneity. A firm-level dataset, which consists of 92 HSIP firms over the period of 2000-2004, are used in analysis. At the end, the results indicate total, local and external, domestic and international knowledge spillovers all positively affect high-tech firms’ net sales, whereas only external and international knowledge spillovers are statistically significant.

並列關鍵字

Knowledge spillovers ； Science park ； Panel data

參考文獻

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