- 學位論文
牙齒矯正線及牙齒矯正微型骨釘之陽極處理
Anodization of orthodontic archwires and orthodontic miniscrews
摘要
基於健康與美觀上的要求，牙齒矯正是現代人常見之醫療行為。矯正線與微型骨釘是牙齒矯正中最基本的器材，於生物相容性和機械性質考量，主要使用鈦與鈦基材之合金材料。陽極處理控制與改變金屬表面層之氧化，而光學干涉效應會因氧化層厚度與結構之改變產生著色效果，更能滿足美觀上要求。此外此氧化層表面性質亦對矯正線與拖架間的摩擦力，以及微型骨釘的骨質密合度造成影響。因此本研究將矯正線與微型骨釘於進行陽極處理，以及量測矯正線與拖架間摩擦力，從陽極處理條件對表面氧化層之影響和氧化層的微觀分析，清楚瞭解氧化層與著色、摩擦力、和骨質密合性的關係。結果顯示：陽極氧化之β-鈦矯正線隨不同電壓值呈現不同顏色；處理前後表面形態無太大變化，陽極化產生之氧化層厚度隨電壓值升高而增大，結晶結構則皆是非結晶性，氧化層組成由表面二氧化鈦、較深處則出現次氧化物，因此顏色主要由氧化層厚度控制，多彩顏色乃透明氧化層發生干涉效應所致。當電壓值較高、拉長氧化時間，則氧化層由透明轉為不透明，出現白色外觀；縱深組成變化與多彩矯正線類似，亦於內層出現次氧化層，但氧化層轉變為結晶結構、氧化層厚度亦大為增加，推測白色外觀應為結晶化所致，其顏色則不能以干涉效應解釋。另加入少量氟離子於電解液中，則成功於微型骨釘表面生成奈米洞，此中孔級奈米孔洞能增加表面粗糙度和面積，應能提升骨質密合性，縱深組成分析則少量氟元素含於氧化層中。陽極處理後之氧化β-鈦矯正線，因為表面氧化層之生成增厚，也降低了其與托架間之摩擦力。使用束縛橡皮圈式拖架組，動摩擦力大小依序為β-鈦矯正線＞陽極氧化β-鈦矯正線、鎳-鈦矯正線。改變移動速率從5 mm / min 下降至0.5 mm / min，動摩擦力值則隨速度下降改變不大。若使用新式自動結紮Damon 3MX系拖拖架，因幾乎無正向力存在，則摩擦力接近為零。
並列摘要
Dental archwires and miniscrews are frequently used in the orthodontic treatments which are very popular nowadays owing to various healthy and cosmetic reasons. Commercial titanium and titanium-based archwires and miniscrews are anodized and examined in this study. The β-Ti archwires with different colors are produced by anodization with different anodized voltages. The surface of anodized wire is titanium oxide, and the oxidation states of Ti vary from TiO2 on the surface to inwardly a mixture of TiO2 and Ti2O3. For most of the anodization conditions, the oxide layers are amorphous. The thickness of oxide layer is determined by TEM and AES. The color of the anodized β-Ti archwires are primarily controlled by the thickness of the oxides which increases with the magnitudes of the applied voltage. With longer anodization time, the archwires change to milky white color. Composition and structure analysis results of the milky white archwires indicate that it is still TiO2 on the surface, but the titanium oxide layers became crystalline. Ti-6Al-4V miniscrews with mesoporous surfaces are produced by anodization using electrolyte with a small amount of fluorine. The mesoporous surfaces could significantly affect the products' osseointegration properties which need to be further explored. In the study of friction experiments, the anodized β-Ti and Ni-Ti archwires shows lower friction than the β-Ti archwires in the conventional stainless steel bracket with elastomeric ligature. When the friction experiments are carried out using the Damon3MX self-ligating bracket rather than the conventional bracket, the friction is singnificantly lower for all the archwires with and witout anodization and no differences can be observed between various archwires.