際天極地－論《西洋記》的旅航與遠征

The Study of “Romance of Sanbao Eunuch’s Journey to the West Ocean” A Journey and an Expedition

呂柏勳(Bou-Hsuen Lu)

指導教授 ： 楊儒賓

國立清華大學/人文社會學院/中國文學系/碩士(2008年)

摘要

摘要

本文試圖以「旅航」、「遠征」為《西洋記》定位，探討小說時空背景和旅行、移動之間的創作方式及意義。視《西洋記》為完整的小說創作，強調其「文學」性質，而非宗教或史料的補充文獻。嘗試從講史和設幻的文學史脈絡切入，認為《西洋記》同時具有歷史演義和神魔幻想的雙重特性，表現在題材的選定與改編、人物關係，以及史學、宗教的價值評判上。其次針對整體時空背景，輿地資料乃至虛構國度的鋪陳、建構，跨渡到異民族、異文化的認知與想像，由宗教世界的描繪，擴展為萬國、天下的新天朝思維。《西洋記》的旅航乃是一段「戰爭」而「受降」的固定模式，「華夷之辨」、「釋道相爭」、「博物展示」同為神魔征戰的本質，或許存在著民族文化的鞏固，宗教的濟度與感化，亦或神權帝國的陳列與支配。當離鄉的旅人困頓、徬徨之際，眼前竟是聖潔之境的至福天堂，與怖懼黑暗的永劫地獄。神聖空間的朝拜與超度，宗教力量的慈悲與內省，幫助大明船隊得以平安返鄉。此時，寶物、風暴、海怪在宗教與民族的意志下轉化為構築新秩序的象徵，《西洋記》於是成就永樂皇朝天、地、人三位一體的舊日光榮，企望再臨的帝國神話。

關鍵字

西洋記 ； 鄭和 ； 旅航 ； 戰爭

並列摘要

Abstract

This thesis attempted to discuss the background of the novel “Romance of Sanbao Eunuch’s Journey to the West Ocean” from the viewpoints of journey and expedition. The novel is viewed as an unabridged creative work instead of a religious or historical literature. The thesis intended to analyze the novel from the aspects of story or imaginary literary history, and viewed the novel as consisting of two features, which are historical romance and genie illusion. These features are represented in the selection of topics, interpersonal relations, and historical and religious value judgments. In addition, the thesis analyzed the novel from the aspect of overall time-and-space background and people’s perceptions on foreign people and foreign culture. The novel started from the depiction of religious world, and then extends to the Chinese view of the world. The journey of “Romance of Sanbao Eunuch’s Journey to the West Ocean” is seen as a war, and its essences are the debate between barbarian and Chinese, and the conflict between Taoism and Buddhism. The key elements in the novel include the predicament of the travelers, the paradise, the dark hell, the worship of sacred place, and the force and the reflection of religious power. These elements all help the fleet of Ming dynasty come home safely. Meanwhile, treasure, storm, sea monster are transformed into the symbol of new rules due to the influence of religious and national wills. Overall, the novel “Romance of Sanbao Eunuch’s Journey to the West Ocean” achieved the Yong Le dynasty’s past glory, and its attempts to resurge its empire mythology.

並列關鍵字

Hsi-Yang Chi ； Cheng Ho ； journey ； expedition

參考文獻

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