透過您的圖書館登入
IP:18.224.0.25
  • 學位論文

液相微萃取法於環境水樣及尿液之微量有機污染物分析方法之研究與開發

Determination of trace organic contaminants in environment using liquid-phase microextraction

指導教授 : 黃賢達

摘要


中文摘要 近年來在分析化學方法上強調綠色化學、快速、簡便與耗費成本低的分析技術,傳統的液液相萃取法或固相萃取法等,對於分析環境中之微量有機污染物有著花費大量時間或有機溶劑的缺點。因此本論文的研究方向為液相微萃取方法搭配分散式液液微萃取方法的開發搭配液相層析儀和氣相層析儀之分析方法,並將其應用在環境中水樣與人體尿液中微量有機物之測定,以下為各章節之主題與概要說明。 第一章為緒論,說明在發展經濟同時保護環境的重要性,提出分析方法之必要性與本論文研究之目的,並介紹本實驗室使用過及相關之部份分析方法或原理。 第二章為動態式液相微萃取法 (dynamic liquid phase microextraction) 分析環境中水樣之鹵素醚類,液相微萃取法是近年來新興的一種樣品前處理技術,萃取相為微量有機溶劑,相較於商業化固相微萃取之吸附纖維的價格低廉許多,同時也具有樣品前濃縮的效果。研究中探討電子捕捉偵測器 (ECD) 與火焰離子化偵測器 (FID) 對這四種鹵素醚類之靈敏度,最後再比較液相微萃與固相微萃取之精密度及靈敏度。 第三章是同步萃取-衍生的頂空液相微萃取 (head-space liquid phase microextraction) 技術應用在人體尿液中的安非他命及搖頭丸之分析,文中說明一般分析濫用藥物的萃取方法,並討論本研究開發出之同時衍生/萃取的實驗裝置所達到的良好結果,除了有效的分析時間,方法的簡便與靈敏度的提升外,並探討各項萃取參數之最佳化條件與此技術之實際應用性,顯示可分析尿液中超微量濃度之濫用藥物。 第四章之內容為化學衍生法結合分散式液液微萃取 (dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction) 技術,並應用於水溶液樣品中微量芳香胺之分析。分散式液液微萃取是近年來新興的一種樣品前處理方法,萃取相為微量有機溶劑,萃取時間極短同時具備高靈敏度。研究中探討先衍生後萃取與同步萃取/衍生的結果,並討論分散式液液微萃取法的各項最佳化參數。 第五章內容是開發動態式頂空單滴微萃取 (dynamic single-drop microextractio) 技術與其應用。研究中探討開發動態式頂空單滴微萃取方法的過程中,萃取溶劑在注射針尖持續維持液滴而移到針壁,經由稍做改變後發現也只有離子液體可以進行動態式頂空單滴微萃取,因此選擇離子液體做為萃取溶劑來萃取尿液中的多環芳香族碳氫化合物。研究中探討各項萃取參數之最佳化條件,以及此技術之實際應用性。 第六章則將上述開發的數種分析方法做簡單的整理,並展望未來分析技術可能的進展與應用。

並列摘要


Abstract The development of faster, simpler and economic sample-preparation techniques is an important issue in chemical analysis. In this work, four analytical methods base liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) were described. The developed methods have been applied to the analysis of trace pollutants and abuse drugs in different sample matrices such as lake, river or human urine. Liquid phase microextraction method, which included hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME), single-drop microextraction (SDME), were investigated in the chapter one, chapter two, and chapter four. This methodology provided to be extremely simple, low cost and virtually solvent-free sample-preparation technique, which provided a high degree of selectivity and enrichment. The results show that these sample-preparation coupled with GC-ECD or GC-MS could determinate the trace organic pollutants in the ppb level. The DLLME developed by Yaghoub Assadi in 2006 has emerged as a virtually time-free alternative for extraction time to conventional liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction even SPME and LPME procedures. It involves the partition of analytes between the aqueous and extremely small organic drop and the surface area between the aqueous and organic drop is enhanced dramatically. Thus the extraction time is reduced effectively. Second chapter describes the development of DLLME technique where extraction and derivatization were carried out in one-step. In this work, the derivatizating reagent was added into extraction solvent so that the analytes can be derivatized as the partition of analytes into extraction solvent was carried out. This technique was applied to the analysis of amphetamine and methylenedioxyamphetamine in urine sample from abusers.

參考文獻


[1] B. J. Danzo, The effects of environmental hormones on reproduction, Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 1998, 4, 1249.
[3] C. L. Arthur, J. Pawliszyn, Solid phase microextraction with thermal desorption using fused silica optical fibers, Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 2145.
[4] C. L. Arthur, L. M. Killam, S. Motlagh, M. Lim, D. W. Potter, J. Pawliszyn, Analysis of substituted benzene compounds in groundwater using solid-phase microextraction, Environ. Sci. Technol. 1992, 26, 979.
[5] H. Kataoka, H.L. Lord, J. Pawliszyn, Applications of solid-phase microextraction in food analysis, J. Chromatogr. A 2000, 880, 35.
[6] M. A. Jeannot, F. F. Cantwell, Solvent microextraction into a single drop, Anal. Chem. 1996, 68, 2236.

延伸閱讀