車用語音系統之人機介面設計

Human-Machine Interface Design of In-Vehicle Speech Interaction System: Talking Car System

梁綺靜(I-Cheng Leong)

指導教授 ： 黃雪玲

國立清華大學/工學院/工業工程與工程管理學系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

本研究計畫主要在研發安全好用的車用語音系統。整合及歸納出目前少數汽車製造廠的語音介面優缺點，經由使用情境分析、操作流程設計（含語音對話流程設計）、面版設計、收集對話流程中使用者之語音指令，以發展語音介面Talking Car車用影音系統。並根據美國國家公路交通安全管理局(NTHSA)對駕駛分心的定義，模擬LUXGEN Think+的廣播和音樂功能進行駕駛模擬實驗並比較Talking Car 和LUXGEN Think+間之差異。
在駕駛模擬實驗中，利用攝影機拍攝受測者正前方的眼動情形和側面的操作情況，以記錄在受測者操作任務時的單次凝視系統介面的時間、前方出現“STOP!!!”剎車訊息時踩剎車的反應時間、車道偏移次數和完成任務時間，並在實驗後請受測者完成主觀心智負荷問卷（NASA-TLX）和主觀喜好問卷，以評量使用者的工作負荷和主觀感受。
從可用性測試的實驗數據和NASA-TLX問卷分析，使用語音指令和結合方向盤按鍵操作的Talking Car與LUXGEN對比，無論在凝視系統介面的時間、凝視系統的次數、反應時間和工作負荷皆比LUXGEN的需求低，因此駕駛者在操作車用影音系統時亦能專注在路面情況，以安全反應各種突發狀況。

關鍵字

車用語音介面 ； 可用性測試 ； 主觀心智負荷問卷 ； 駕駛分心

並列摘要

This research is aimed at developing an in-vehicle voice-based interface. Integrating and generalizing those pros and cons of the few existing speech control systems and through user scenario analysis, operational process (including the voice dialogue design), panel interface design and voice commands collection in different operational process, a voice-based interface is developed which is called Talking Car. By conducting a driving simulation experiment, the driving performance of Talking Car and that of simulated LUXGEN Think+ system in radio and music functions were compared.
Two cameras were set to capture eye movements and drivers response to collect users’ every single glance time, to measure the reaction time of users before stepping on the brakes when a “STOP!!!” message appears on the display, to determine times of lane change and also task completion time, while carrying out the driving task. The NASA-TLX and a subjective questionnaire were also applied to evaluate subjects’ mental workload.
Regarding subjects’ response and workload, the Talking Car System required less glance time, less manual distraction occurred and the mental workload was less than that of using the LUXGEN Think+ System. Therefore, with the Talking Car System drivers are able to focus on their driving when they are controlling the AV System in-vehicle and so have a safer response towards road situations.

並列關鍵字

In-vehicle voice-based interface ； in-vehicle user interface ； usability evaluation ； Talking Car ； NASA-TLX ； driving distraction

參考文獻

Angkititrakul, P., Petracca, M., Sathyanarayana, A., Hansen, John H.L. (2007). UTDrive: Driver Behavior and Speech Interactive Systems for In-Vehicle Environments. IEEE Intelligent Vehicle Symposium, June 13-15, 2007, Istanbul, Turkey.

Araki, M., Matsuda, T., Takahashi, M., Ohtaki, R., Obuchi, Y. (2008). Evaluation of interface and in-car speech - many undesirable utterances and sever noisy speech on car navigation application. IEEE Signal Processing Society, MMSP, 956-959.

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Hart, S. G. & Staveland, L. E. (1988). Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of Empirical and Theoretical Research. In P. Hancock & N. Meshkati (Eds.), Human mental workload (pp. 139-183). Amsterdam: North Holland.

Hataoka, N., Araki, M., Matsuda, T., Takahashi, M., Ohtaki, R., Obuchi, Y. (2008). Evaluation of interface and in-car speech - many undesirable utterances and sever noisy speech on car navigation application. Multimedia Signal Processing, 2008 IEEE 10th Workshop on, 956-959.