考量產品組合與零件分群之永續產品開發

Sustainable Product Development Considering Product Portfolio Planing and Components Clustering

鄭克誠(Ko-Chen Cheng)

指導教授 ： 瞿志行

國立清華大學/工學院/工業工程與工程管理學系/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2012.00293

摘要

為了達成永續發展的目的，各國紛紛制定環保指令，限制輸入產品造成的環境衝擊。有效的做法是在設計早期，即考量後端產品生命週期活動的影響，以同步工程的概念達成永續產品開發。以往研究已針對單一產品設計，透過產品結構變異，以降低整體環境衝擊為指標，於系統設計階段進行最佳化。因應產品多樣性的市場趨勢，本研究延伸上述做法，針對產品組合的規劃，發展降低開發成本，同時滿足環境衝擊限制的最佳化方法。利用電腦輔助設計技術，考量零件功能、製造、組裝與供應商選擇，自動決定產品組合中各產品的物料清單。以降低成本為目標，同時加入碳足跡限制，利用禁忌搜尋法規劃組裝順序，透過基因演算法，依據不同運輸距離與開發的固定成本，計算最適合的供應商指派結果。並進行元件的最佳化指派分群，以協助實現產品模組化的概念。本研究採用Cradle-to-Gate的生命週期評估，參考本土資料進行量化分析，結果可作為產品規劃的決策依據，達到永續產品開發的目標。

關鍵字

產品開發 ； 產品組合 ； 生命週期評估 ； 基因演算法 ； 禁忌搜尋法 ； 永續設計

並列摘要

Many countries have enforced various environmental protection directives to respond to the recent awareness of sustainable development. The goal is to reduce the environmental impacts induced by the products imported to those countries. An effective means is to consider the impacts of the subsequent lifecycle activities at early design stages. This applies the concept of concurrent engineering to sustainable product development. Our past study proposed a concurrent approach to sustainable product design by varying the product architecture to reduce carbon footprint generated during the product lifecycle. Focusing on product planning, this work develops a quantitative decision making tool that minimizes the product development costs considering a given environmental constraint. The tool determines an optimal product portfolio by varying component selection, material, assembly sequence, and supplier selection with computer aided design technologies. The manufacturing BOM for each product is specified in the portfolio. Tabu Search is used to generate an optimal assembly plan. Genetic Algorithm is applied to optimally assign manufacturing tasks to suppliers, who involve different fixed development costs and transportation costs. In addition, component clustering is conducted to facilitate product modularization for reducing environmental impacts. This research adopts a cradle to gate approach in lifecycle assessment based on local lifecycle inventory data. The proposed methods help make ecological decisions at the product planning stage.

並列關鍵字

Product Development ； Product Portfolio ； Sustainable Design ； Life Cycle Assessment ； Genetic Algorithm ； Tabu Search

參考文獻

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