具蓄電池和飛輪儲能源以風力開關式磁阻發電機為主之直流微電網

A wind driven switched-reluctance generator based DC micro-grid supported by energy storages of battery and flywheel

周科甫(Ko-Fu Chou)

指導教授 ： 廖聰明

國立清華大學/電機資訊學院/電機工程學系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

本論文旨在開發以風力開關式磁阻發電機為主之直流微電網，其配具有蓄電池儲能緩衝及三相負載變頻器。對於所開發之開關式磁阻發電機，首先適當地設計其電力電路，再應用磁滯電流控制脈寬調變切換機構，以對抗反電動勢之負作用而增進線圈電流之控制強健性。接著，經由電壓命令之適當設定、強健控制和換相前移，獲得於變動風速及負載下良好發電操控性能。
隨風速變化之開關式磁阻發電機輸出電壓，經由電流注入推挽式直流/直流介面轉換器昇壓及調控，建立具穩定電壓之共同直流匯流排。此直流/直流轉換器配裝有主動式箝位電路，以增進其操作之可靠性及效率。所建直流微電網構裝有儲能系統，其合一飛輪及一鉛酸蓄電池組。開關式磁阻馬達驅控之飛輪經一雙向直流/直流介面轉換器連接至共通直流鏈，由適當設計之開關式磁阻馬達驅動系統及介面轉換器之電力電路及控制機構，獲得良好之充放電特性，如同一般開關式磁阻發電機，此開關式磁阻馬達驅控之飛輪在施放電發電機模式下，其電壓命令亦隨逐漸降低之轉速其電壓追控誤差自動低調降。至於蓄電池儲能系統採用雙向降/昇壓直流/直流轉換器。透過適當之電力電路及控制器設計，可於放電模式下獲得良好之共通直流電壓調節特性，以及良好之充電效能。
為從事所建微電網之實測之性能評估，設計製作一個三相負載變頻器，其控制採單相每相為主之控制架構，應用簡易之強健控制，可於線性及非線性負載下獲得良好的輸出電壓波形。所建各組成電力電路之控制演算法則均以數位訊號處理器全數位化實現，並由實測結果驗證所建之微電網正常操作及控制性能。

關鍵字

微電網 ； 開關式磁阻發電機 ； 開關式磁阻馬達 ； 儲能系統 ； 飛輪 ； 蓄電池

並列摘要

This thesis develops a wind switched-reluctance generator (SRG) based DC micro-grid with battery energy storage buffer and three-phase load inverter. In the developed SRG, its power circuit is properly designed, and the hysteresis current-controlled PWM switching is applied to enhance the winding current control robustness against the adverse effects of back electromotive force. Then good generating performance under varying wind speed and load is achieved via proper voltage command setting, robust control and commutation shift.
The SRG generated speed-dependent voltage is boosted and controlled by a current-fed push-pull interface converter to establish voltage well-regulated common DC bus. An active clamp circuit is equipped for increasing the operation reliability and efficiency of this DC/DC converter. The proposed micro-grid is supported by an energy storage system consisting of a flywheel and a lead-acid battery bank. The switched- reluctance motor (SRM) driven flywheel system is interfaced to the common DC bus through a bidirectional DC/DC converter. Good charging and discharging operation characteristics are obtained by properly designing the schematics and control schemes for the SRM drive and its followed interfaced converter. Similar to those of SRG, the voltage command of the SRM-driven flywheel in generating mode is also automatically adapted to the decreasing rotor speed and the voltage tracking error during the stored energy discharging. As to the battery energy storage system a bilateral buck/boost DC/DC converter is employed as an interface converter. Through proper circuit and controller designs, good common-bus DC voltage regulation in discharging mode and better charging performance are preserved.
For making the performance experimental assessment, a three-phase load inverter is designed and implemented. The per-phase based control scheme is adopted, and the simple robust control is applied to yield good output voltage waveforms under linear and nonlinear loads. The control algorithms of all constituted power stages are realized fully digitally using digital signal processor (DSP). Normal operations and control performance of the established micro-grid are demonstrated experimentally.

並列關鍵字

Micro-grid ； switched-reluctance generator ； switched-reluctance motor ； energy storage system ； flywheel ； battery

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