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  • 學位論文

文化演進論觀點談教育改革

Education Reform: A View Point From Culture Evolution

指導教授 : 黃春興

摘要


本文以奧地利經濟學派的文化演進理論檢討台灣教育改革為何動能受限。台灣教育改革自1994年四一O運動以來,已將近二十年,花費大量人力和金錢投入,卻換得眾人認定教育改革失敗的結果。為何會這樣?教育改革真的失敗了嗎?翻閱檢討教育改革的評論,多檢討其執行方案與細節失誤,未曾就更寬廣的視野──體制轉型的觀點來看。奧地利經濟學派中有文化演進理論,告訴我們制度生成和轉型的過程,在公平的自由市場規則下,將制度轉型的推手不只交予政府菁英官員,也交給市場平台上每個參與的創業家和一般模仿的眾人。 本文將文化演進理論拓展到教育制度轉型的解釋,提出教育的自由市場──教育競爭平台,並以五個義務教育國小階段的教育創業家為代表性樣本:森林小學、信賢種籽親子實驗國民小學、雅歌實驗中小學、慈心華德福實驗國民中小學、人文國民中小學,來檢驗教育競爭平台是否健全。先檢驗個案的創業家精神、教育改革方案、對外宣傳推廣以及民眾反應,再透過追蹤創業家創業三階段:提出警覺、實踐警覺與推廣實踐,設法找出教育改革未成功的原因。結果發現教育創業家有提出警覺的能力,並且成功突破私人興學禁令,開辦有獨特理念和作法的學校,然而在推廣階段,創業家遇到經費匱乏、校地難尋、師資難尋與創業家的凝聚問題,未能擴大學校規模或誘發民間模仿。雖然教育競爭平台尚未健全,使得創業家的推廣工作遭到阻礙,但是他們仍對社會形成正面的影響,如法律改變、教育部門改變、學校改變、百姓改變,已讓台灣義務教育不僅於過去有限的選項。 體制轉型是一個動態的過程,並非一蹴可幾。雖然目前實證結果是推動教育文化演進的動能有限,但是新的教育創業家仍然不斷出現,改良前一代教育創業家的環境條件、實踐方案和推廣方法,讓我們繼續期待未來台灣教育的新樣貌。

並列摘要


This thesis focuses on examining why Taiwan Education Reform since 1994 was failed to gain wide-ranging and in-depth effect. More than half of students, parents, and teachers in Taiwan once recognized Education Reform as failed. Why? Is it really failed? There were lots of commentaries but none of them were of wider vision: the Institutional change perspective. This thesis use Culture Evolution Theory in Austrian School of economics to try to give an explanation. We extend the Institutional change theory from economic market to education market: Education Competitive Platform. Then we selected five representative samples, The Forrest School, The Seedling Experimental School, The ARCO School, The Ci-Xin Waldorf School, The Humanity Primary and Junior High School, to examine if the Education Competitive Platform is well-developed. We first examine the entrepreneurship, teaching method, advertisement and people’s reaction to these innovation schools. Then we track the entrepreneurial creating process, which can be divided into three steps: proposing alertness, executing alertness and propagating achievements. Result shows that educational entrepreneurs succeeded in proposing alertness, lifted the ban on establishment of private schools and started up their ideal school. While they face insufficient operation fund, difficulties in finding school land and teacher, and coherence problem of entrepreneurs. These difficulties results in limitation of the school scale and inadequate incentives for public and private sector imitation. Educational entrepreneurs still create positive effects, such as changes of education law, public sector, schools and Taiwan people. Though Taiwan Education Reform temporarily failed to form wide-ranging and in-depth change to education culture, the dynamic entrepreneurial changing process is not going to an end. Let’s wait what the Taiwan education entrepreneurs will achieve after another 20 years.

參考文獻


周祝瑛(2003),《誰捉弄了台灣教改?1987–2003》,臺北市:心理出版社。
楊吉林(2010),〈從華盛頓共識看拉丁美洲經濟發展問題〉,《拉丁美洲獨立 200 週年研討會》。
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被引用紀錄


Wei, C. Y. (2013). Reflection upon the Wen-Lin-Yuan Controversy over the conflicts of private property [master's thesis, National Tsing Hua University]. Airiti Library. https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0016-2511201311362599

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