本土與世界的關懷—方耀乾台語詩集研究（2009-2020）

自1997年方耀乾出版第一本台語詩集迄今超過20年，以2008年為分水嶺，2008年以前方耀乾的台語詩集特色被評價為內容多變、形式多樣，而2009到2020年的方耀乾的作品風格演變，尚無研究者進行研究，故本文針對方耀乾於此期間出版的四本詩集《方耀乾的文學旅途》、《烏／白》、《台窩灣擺擺》、《我腳踏的所在就是台灣》為研究範圍，以文本分析、文獻歸納及訪談方式進行研究，探討方耀乾在此一階段如何突破自我，展現對於本土與世界的關懷。　本文先爬梳方耀乾的生命經驗、創作歷程來了解方耀乾的創作風格，接著進行個別詩集的研究，針對各詩集「主題」及「形式特色」的分析與討論，其中，《方耀乾的文學旅途》詩集內容涵蓋了方耀乾從1997到2008年的創作精華，可從此詩集中歸納出方耀乾第一階段創作的詩觀與風格，對於本文研究有承先啟後的意義，並在爾後出版的詩集研究中發現，方耀乾的詩集有「主題本土化」、「形式多樣化」等特色，後來則有「範圍擴大化」、「內容深度化」、「主題統整化」等轉變，針對形式則有更具創新性的書寫。　　在《烏／白》詩集中，方耀乾以圖像詩來探討哲學議題，試圖帶領讀者解構二元對立的思考模式，建立一個更奔放的思想空間。《台窩灣擺擺》則是描繪台灣平埔族西拉雅族文化風貌的詩集，方耀乾用後殖民主義式的精神回顧西拉雅族的歷史，並對殖民壓迫的事實提出抗議，藉此建立族群認同。最後則是針對第一部以台語書寫的世界旅行詩集《我腳踏的所在就是台灣》進行探討，此詩集以台華對譯的方式呈現方耀乾旅行世界各國的見聞，並在異國與台灣的對照中建構台灣主體性的精神。　　方耀乾以認識自己、守護台灣、關心世界為創作中心思想，用不同的思考面向、表現手法不斷突破與創新，這是方耀乾詩集的特色，並且是詩人方耀乾在台語文學界持續享有重要地位的原因。

關鍵字

方耀乾；台語詩；圖像詩；西拉雅族；台灣精神主體性

並列摘要

It has been more than 20 years since Yaw-Chien Fang published the first Taiwanese poems in 1997. Before 2009, variety of themes and various writing forms are the main characteristics of Fang’s Taiwanese poems. However, the evolution of the style of his works from 2009 to 2020 has not been studied yet. Therefore, this study focuses on the four poems published by Fang during this period: "Literary Journey of Yaw-Chien Fang", "Black/White", "Tayouan Paipai", and "The Place Where I Stepped Is Taiwan" as the research scope. Using textual analysis, literature review, and interview, this research aims to discuss how Fang pushes himself and produces the new style of his literary works. To understand Fang’s creative style, the first step is collating his life experience and writing process, and then analyzing the theme, form, and features of four above-mentioned poems in each chapter. Among them, the content of "Literary Journey of Yaw-Chien Fang" covers the essence of Fang's creation from 1997 to 2008 and provides a summary of his viewpoints and style during this period. This poem is very important to this study as control group to observe the change of Fang’s poems with time. It is found that Fang’s poems have wider scope, greater depth, more concentrated thought, and more innovative writing form after 2008. Fang discusses philosophical issues in the form of pictorial poetry in "Black/White". He tried to lead readers to deconstruct the Binary Opposition, and create a freer space for thought. "Tayouan Paipai" is a poem which describing the cultural features of the Siraya tribe of Taiwanese Plains Indigenous People. Fang used the spirit of postcolonialism to review the historical appearance of the Siraya and protested against the facts of colonial oppression. The last one is the first world travel poems which be written in Taiwanese: "The Place Where I Stepped Is Taiwan". The poem presents what Fang sees and hears when he travels around the world. It’s in the form of Taiwanese-Mandarin translation, and to construct Taiwan’s spiritual subjectivity in the contrast between a foreign country and Taiwan. Knowing about himself, guarding Taiwan, and caring about the world are the central ideas of Fang's creation. Thinking in different ways, breaking through his own expressive techniques continuously, and innovating are the major characteristics of Fang’s poems. These artistic characteristics give us an explanation to why Fang always holds a leading position in Taiwanese literature.