我國大學多元入學制度實施對整體入學及畢業率影響之研究

An Empirical Study on the Impact of College Pluralistic Enrollment System on the Overall Enrollment and Graduation Rates

簡良安(Liang-An Jean)

指導教授 ： 莊慧玲

國立清華大學/科技管理學院/公共政策與管理碩士在職專班/碩士(2020年)

摘要

近年來，有關多元入學制度的研究已成高等教育重要議題，本文運用教育部教育統計資料庫(1950-2018年)，另參考內政部戶政司、行政院主計處有關平均家戶所得、父母教育程度、家庭婚姻狀況(單親家庭戶數)、18歲學齡人口數等歷史資料，串成以全國性資料為主的時間序列資料庫，藉由迴歸分析探討不同學制(多元入學實施前後)對大學入學、畢業率及畢業人數所造成的影響及成效，藉以研擬相關建議，供後續制度改善之參據。
研究結果顯示，多元入學實施對高等教育整體入學率及畢業人數有顯著且正向的影響，但對整體畢業率的影響並不顯著。據此可以推論，高等教育擴張(廣設大學及多元入學實施)，使整體入學人數大幅增加，同步帶動整體畢業人數的上升，所以多元入學實施對整體入學及畢業人數是有正向影響；其次，在家庭背景相關變數中，父親的教育程度對子女進入大學有正向顯著的影響，而世人所擔心的「多錢入學」現象，即家庭收入對大學入學並未呈現顯著影響效果。惟研究內容未再深入探究學校性質(公立、私立、一般大學、技職院校)、課程設計或性別等變數導入後的差異性，建議後續研究可朝相關方向進一步探討。

關鍵字

高等教育 ； 多元入學 ； 入學率 ； 畢業率

並列摘要

In recent years, research on the college pluralistic enrollment system has become an important topic in higher education literature. This study combines the education statistics database from the Ministry of Education (1950-2018), as well as the time-series data on average household income, parental education, family marital status (number of single-parent households), 18-year-old school-age population and other time-series data from the Household Registration Department of the Ministry of the Interior and the Chief Accounting Office of the Executive Yuan to construct a nationwide time-series database for the empirical study.
This study applies regression analysis to explore the impact and effectiveness of different academic systems (before and after the implementation of college pluralistic enrollment system) on university admission, graduation rate and number of graduates, in order to develop relevant suggestions for further improvement in the college enrollment system. The empirical results show that the implementation of college pluralistic enrollment system has a significant and positive impact on the overall enrollment rate of higher education and the number of graduates, but has no significant effect on the overall graduation rate. These findings suggest that the expansion of higher education (wide establishment of universities and the implementation of college pluralistic enrollment system) has greatly increased the overall enrollment and synchronously boosted the overall number of graduates. Second, among the variables related to family background, the father’s education level has significant influence on his children’s admission to university. However, the insignificant effect of the family income variable on the overall enrollment rate suggest that children from richer families are not necessarily more likely to enroll into universities as claimed by the public opinion. Finally, many future researches can be extended from the current study. For example, it is worthwhile to examine the differences between public and private schools, or gender differential in enrollment and graduation rate.

並列關鍵字

Higher education ； college pluralistic enrollment system ； enrollment rate ； graduation rate

參考文獻

中文參考文獻

丁慕玉（2006），「科技大學多元入學之學生對於不同校院系學業成就的探討－以虎尾科技大學為例」。國立虎尾科技大學學報，25（4），71-82。

大學入學考試中心(2002)，「我國大學入學制度改革建議書」。臺北，大學入學考試中心。

大學招生委員會聯合會(2019)，「多元入學方案」。臺北，大學招生委員會聯合會。

王秀槐、黃金俊(2010)，「擇其所愛、愛其所擇：從自我決定理論看大學多元入學制度中學生的科系選擇與學習成果」，教育科學研究期刊，55，1-27。