- 學位論文
《莊子‧內篇》語言詮釋--以〈齊物論〉為中心
Studying the Language of the Inner Chapters of "Zhuang-Zi"（莊子）: Analysis base on 'Qi-Wu Theory' (齊物論）as the core focus
摘要
本文關注《莊子‧內篇》的解讀問題，基於語言形式與意義具有不可分割的整體性，試圖通過詞義分析、句式結構及語用功能等角度，體現文本的思維內涵。本文從語言分析及認知語言學的途徑切入解讀問題，主要依下述兩條支線開展論述： 一是針對「莊周夢蝶」歷來詮釋紛紜，本文試圖釐清過去詮釋的脈絡為兩系，皆可從郭象注的詮釋找到詮釋來源，一系傾向將夢／醒與死／生類比，一系傾向解讀為追尋「真實主體」的醒悟。本文採用融合理論整體詮解〈齊物論〉的寓言，以融合圖式具體呈現「莊周夢蝶」的解讀脈絡，並分析內七篇意旨，佐證〈內篇〉具整體性及連貫關係。 二是分析〈內篇〉與〈外篇〉語言證據，得知兩者語言特徵及思維模式有所差異：〈內篇〉風格留白、彈性，〈外篇〉風格精密、繁複。本文試從語言分析的結果回應過去對〈內〉、〈外〉、〈雜〉分劃問題的探究，並進一步指出，詮解《莊子》文義，必須正視〈內〉、〈外〉的分劃之界，任意徵引、互證則可能導致扞格不入的結果。 最後，餘論中引據《莊子‧內篇》例證，對照《論語》、《孟子》，推測〈內篇〉局部採用特定概念隱喻，應與欲和先秦儒者對話的寫作策略相關；而概念隱喻中目標域的選擇，能免於陷入僵化、單一的價值判斷，其背後思維與〈內篇〉留白、彈性特徵相通，由此也再次印證《莊子‧內篇》的一體性。
並列摘要
Abstract This thesis focuses on the interpretation issues of the Inner Chapters of “Zhuang-Zi”. Due to the format of language and the content are inseparable, therefore to analyze the linguistic patterns would help to better understand the thinking logic of the content. In this thesis I would base on the methods of linguistic analysis and cognitive linguistic to discuss the interpretation issues. This thesis mainly covers two parts: The first part is due to the interpretations of the discourse of The Dream of Butterfly（莊周夢蝶） of "Zhuang-Zi" have countless interpretations in the past, therefore in this thesis I try to analyze and categorize the past interpretations into two different factions. They can all be referred back to Guo-Xiang’s（郭象） interpretation version for their interpretation basis. One faction leans toward the analogy of dream/awake and death/life, while the other faction tries to interpret it as the realization of finding the “True Subject”. In this thesis I use the Blending Theory to interpret the fables of 'Qi-Wu Theory', and a Blending figure to represent the thinking logic of interpretation of the discourse of The Dream of Butterfly of "Zhuang-Zi". Furthermore I analyze the meanings of chapters from Inner Chapters, to prove that the Inner Chapters is both comprehensive and coherent. The second part is to analyze the language evidence of Inner Chapters and Outer Chapters. From this I understand that there’re differences in linguistic characteristics and thinking logic between the two Chapters. The style of Inner Chapters is free and flexible, while the style of Outer Chapters is sophisticated and exquisite. In this thesis I base on the result of linguistic analysis to answer the questions of finding the differences of Inner Chapters, Outer Chapters and Mix Chapters. Moreover I’m able to indicate that in order to interpret the meaning of “Zhuang-Zi”, one must understand the differences of Inner Chapters and Outer Chapters. Should one mix the passages and interpretations of the two Chapters, one will get a confusing and even contradict result. Lastly, in the final chapter I use the data of Inner Chapters of "Zhuang-Zi" as examples, compare them with "Confucius Analects"（論語） and "Mencius"（孟子）. From this I postulate that certain parts of Inner Chapters use certain Metaphor Theory, in results to try to resemble the writing strategy of Pre-Qin Confucians. And through the use of the selection of the target domain in Metaphor Theory can avoid a square and single-minded value system. The thinking logic behind it should be the same as the characteristics such as free and flexible from Inner Chapters. Hence it once proves the comprehensiveness of Inner Chapters of "Zhuang-Zi".