具三相四象限切換式整流器前級之無位置感測切換式磁阻馬達驅動系統

A POSITION SENSORLESS SWITCHED-RELUCTANCE MOTOR DRIVE WITH THREE-PHASE FOUR-QUADRANT SWITCH-MODE RECTIFIER FRONT-END

曾嘉宏(Chia-Hung Tseng)

指導教授 ： 廖聰明

國立清華大學/電機資訊學院/電機工程學系/碩士(2013年)

摘要

本論文旨在研製具三相四象限切換式整流器前級之切換式磁阻馬達驅動系統。首先，使用功率模組建構非對稱橋式轉換器電路。經由適當電流及速度控制機構，所建馬達驅動系統具良好驅動特性，包括加/減速、反轉以及再生煞車操作。藉由換相前移及直流鏈電壓升壓增進高速驅動操控性能亦經實驗探究。
接著，建立一個三相四象限切換式整流器並將其當作切換式磁阻馬達驅動系統前級。藉此從市電端汲取具功率因數校正之電力並具備再生煞車能量回充市電能力。而且，為了在較高轉速下有效地提升切換式磁阻馬達驅動性能，所建切換式磁阻馬達驅動系統之直流鏈電壓具調節及升壓特性。為完整化，亦建構其他兩型三相切換式整流器，當作切換式磁阻馬達驅動系統之前級，並比較評估其驅動特性。

此外，本文提出基於電壓窄波注入之切換式磁阻馬達無位置感測控制方案。藉由數位訊號處理器內建之脈寬調變通道，注入適當頻率及導通時間之脈波電壓於馬達之非激磁相線圈，由感測之轉子位置調幅波狀線圈電流經處理後獲得估測之霍爾訊號，並應用於切換式磁阻馬達之無位置感測控制。在無位置感測操控上，馬達先以步進馬達方式起動，俟接近適當轉速後，即切換至切換式磁阻馬達操作模式。在速度迴授控制方面，馬達轉速利用所提之估測機構由感測之四相線圈電流估算而得。

關鍵字

切換式磁阻馬達 ； 反轉 ； 再生煞車 ； 換相移位 ； 升壓 ； 切換式整流器 ； 功因校正 ； 無位置感測控制 ； 電壓窄波注入

並列摘要

This thesis is mainly concerned with the development of a switched-reluctance motor (SRM) drive equipped with a three-phase four-quadrant front-end switch-mode rectifier (SMR). First, an asymmetric bridge converter fed SRM drive is constructed using off-the-shelf power modules. Through properly designed current and speed control schemes, the established motor drive possesses good driving characteristics, including acceleration/deceleration, reversible and regenerative braking operations. Then the high-speed driving performance enhancement via commutation instant advanced shift and voltage boosting are explored experimentally.

Next, a three-phase four-quadrant SMR is established and employed as the front-end of SRM drive. It can draw the power from the mains with power factor correction and possess regenerative braking energy recovery capability. Moreover, the DC-link voltage of the SRM drive can also be adjustable and boostable for effectively enhancing the SRM driving performance under higher speeds. For completeness, the driving characteristics of the SRM drive powered by other two types of three-phase SMRs are comparatively evaluated.

In addition, a SRM position sensorless control scheme based on narrow pulse voltage injection is proposed. The voltage pulses with suited frequency and duration are injected into the demagnetized phase winding via the DSP PWM channel. The resulted winding currents are sensed and processed to yield an observed Hall signal and used for making the SRM position sensorless control. In sensorless control operation, the motor is initially started in stepping motor mode. As the speed rises to an appropriate value, the operation is changed to switched-reluctance motor mode using the observed Hall signal. And the speed feedback control is conducted using the observed speed, which is obtained from the sensed four winding currents.

參考文獻

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