- 學位論文
法作為具體秩序：論史密特的法概念
Law as Concrete Order: On Carl Schmitt’s Concept of Law（Recht）
摘要
摘要 探究法的本質，向來是法學的重要課題之一。一個法律人如何理解法，攸關著他看待人類的法生活與其它文化面向互動的角度。有鑒於此，本文因而選擇了向來在政治立場上頗有爭議的德國法政哲學家史密特（Carl Schmitt，1888-1985），試圖在一個較長的時間軸上，去檢視他的基本法學立場。 關於史密特的法學立場，至今仍有所爭論。史密特在1934年的著作《法學思維的三種種類》中，區分了三種基本的法學立場：規範論、決斷論、具體秩序論。而鑒於史密特在各著作中所強調的重點，因此歷來關於史密特的詮釋者，將其詮釋為從規範論轉向決斷論，並最終停留在具體秩序論者的占了多數；另外有些學者，則主張他其實是個一貫的決斷論者；但除此之外，鮮少有人主張他乃是從一而終的具體秩序論者。但本文所持的立場，便是最後這點。 由於本文意在證立史密特是個徹底的具體秩序論者，為此，內容主要將分作兩階段進行。首先，本文將考察史密特畢生的一些主要著作，試圖探究史密特在處理問題時的背景預設，進而指出該著作中蘊藏的具體秩序論因子；其次，則是打算結合1934年後的幾本著作，以整理出一個關於具體秩序論的正面說法及「規範」、「決斷」與「具體秩序」三者之間的推導關係。如此一來，這個第二階段的成果，一方面可作為第一階段的證據，另一方面，也才算是給了具體秩序論（或者史密特作為具體秩序論者）作為某種「論」一個較為清晰的圖像。 關鍵詞：史密特、法學思維、規範論、決斷論、具體秩序論、Nomos
並列摘要
Abstract The nature of law is always one of the most important topics in jurisprudence. The way how a jurist understands the law is related to how she treats the interaction between the lawful life and other cultural aspects of human being. In view of this, this thesis then chose the German philosopher of law and politics Carl Schmitt (1888-1985), who has been controversial for his political stance, and tries to survey his basic juristic stance. Up to now, Schmitt’s juristic stance is still an arguable topic. In his 1934 work On the Three Types of Juristic Thought, Schmitt differentiate three basic juristic stances: normativism, decisionism, and the thinking of concrete order. Due to the points which Schmitt emphasizes in his works, most of the interpreters of Schmitt treated him as someone who began with normativism then changed to decisionism, and finally stopped at the thinking of concrete order. In addition to this, some other scholars insisted that Schmitt was a persistent decisionist. But besides these two stances, almost nobody argues that Schmitt was always a thinker of concrete order. Nevertheless, the thesis will argue for the last position. Because this thesis intents to prove that Schmitt was a thorough thinker of concrete order, the argumentation will be mainly divided into two parts. First, I’ll survey the main works in Schmitt’s whole life, try to find out the presuppositions which Schmitt used in handling problems, and point out the elements of thinking of concrete order concealed in those works. Second, I’ll treat Schmitt’s works after 1934 as a whole in order to organize a positive formulation of the thinking of concrete order and show the deductive relation between norm, decision, and concrete order. Therefore, on the one hand, the result of second stage could be the evidence of the first stage, and on the other hand, it could at last give a rather clear theoretical image of the thinking of concrete order as something “-ism”. Keywords: Schmitt、Jursitc Thinking、Normativism、Decisionism、Concrete Order、Nomos、Nature of Law