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  • 學位論文

運用系統動態學進行碳稅課徵對太陽光電系統建置與發電成本之評估研究

Using System Dynamics Approach to Analyze the Impact of Carbon Tax on Photovoltaic Systems Installation and Electricity Costs

指導教授 : 張瑞芬
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摘要


地球暖化速度加劇,已對人類生活與經濟帶來衝擊;且在化石燃料有限性、能源需求的成長下,其價格近年來居高不下,又因傳統化石燃料會排放更多溫室氣體,將造成更大負面社會成本,遂再生能源推動為近年各國所關注的重要議題。台灣近年陸續推動「永續能源政策綱領」、「再生能源發展條例」、「國家節能減碳總計畫」等新能源發展政策,希望使得台灣能源配比結構改善、促進再生能源產業發展、降低二氧化碳等溫室氣體排放等。眾多的再生能源產業中,台灣在太陽光電產業上,因產業鏈完整、可有效運用我國既有半導體人才,使得品質與成本相對有競爭力,而成為較有發展潛力之選項。另外,二氧化碳減排、再生能源推動,僅靠願景式目標是不足的,須搭配相關政策的執行與推動,綜觀世界各國亦紛紛採取更多積極的作為,如:碳稅實施或碳交易制度的執行。碳稅政策是對一般能源產品,以其碳含量為基準,課徵之稅目,全名應為二氧化碳稅。故政府需如何訂定稅率標準將是重要的議題,因當排放源減量之邊際成本小於碳稅稅率時,排放源就會繼續減量。故政府應可藉由碳稅調控,控制整體碳排放量。本研究便於上述基礎下,提出以系統動態學為方法,進行碳稅徵收下,對化石燃料發電成本與電價之衝擊評估,並適當分配碳稅稅收於再生能源(太陽光電系統建置)之支持,建構質、量化模型作為評估未來碳排減量成果與效益,並配合不同的國家碳稅稅額案例與碳稅收益分配多寡之情境模擬,協助政府在相關稅制政策上的訂製參考與目標檢視,以降低社會面衝擊並促進我國能源使用結構轉型至低碳排放的再生能源。研究結果顯示,碳稅收益的分配調整,對太陽光電系統建置影響甚為顯著,故如何妥善分配碳稅收益調整,是未來相當重要之研究議題,且後續之研究,可再加入其他具潛力之再生能源選項(如:離岸風電等),以了解多元類型再生能源競合議題,找出最適合我國發展之再生能源類別與相關可行之推動政策與其配套機制。

並列摘要


Global warming has influenced our daily life significantly. The price of fossil fuel energy is increasing recently because of the limited supplies and the growth of energy demand. Furthermore, using traditional fossil fuel will generate more greenhouse gases causing other negative social impact. Hence, executing and promoting green energy policies have become the most important issues for governments around the world. Taiwan government also implements many new energy developing policies to change the energy structure, enhance the development of renewable energy, and reduce carbon dioxide emission. The photovoltaic industry in Taiwan is competitive because of complete supply chain and plenty semi-conductor talents. Above reasons make solar energy becomes the favorable options for implementing renewable energy. However, reducing carbon dioxide emission and promoting renewable energy needs well thought and executable policies and regulations. Many countries have taken more active actions, such as carbon tax and carbon trade. Carbon tax is levied based on the quantity of carbon generated during operations, e.g., power plant generating electricity. Therefore, how to decide a reasonable and effective tax rate is an important issue for governments. If the margin cost of reducing carbon dioxide emission is lower than the carbon tax rate, the emission sources will be effectively reduced continuously; otherwise it will not be effective in carbon reduction. As a result, government can control the tax rate to reach their goals of clean air. This research uses System Dynamics (SD) approach to evaluate the influence of carbon tax on the PV system installation and the fluctuation of electricity cost. Meanwhile, it also evaluates the allocation of tax incomes in supporting renewable energy, i.e., PV installation. We build qualitative and quantitative models using different scenarios to evaluate the potential achievements of tax incomes, emission reductions, electricity cost, and PV capacities. The results serve as valuable references for governments making decisions in renewable energy and carbon reduction policies.

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


盧惠文(2015)。太陽光電躉購費率對減碳效益之評估研究-結合資料倉儲及系統動態學之運用〔碩士論文,國立清華大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0016-0312201510263716

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