漂流與突圍──廖鴻基海洋書寫意識研究

臺灣海洋文學作家廖鴻基，其生活與著作皆不離海洋。在其每部作品中，皆可見其海洋哲思。不只是海與陸，離與返、寬廣與狹仄、小與大、遠與近、水面與水下、深淺浮沉，以至於山、岸與河口，都有其繁複辯證。而人與海洋生物、群己之間甚至是父女關係，都在海洋中獲得新的視野與相處。本文以「人」與「海」的關係為軸心發散，從空間、彼我以及文類與策略等面向深入討論。「漂流」與「突圍」，是廖鴻基的書寫中頻頻出現的語彙，「漂流」是心靈意識，也是其書寫中恆常出現的議題與元素；「突圍」則是海洋原鄉帶給他的動能與結果，也是梳理廖鴻基幾十本作品後可發現其逐漸推進的幾項書寫特色。「圍」，過去是人世帶給他的羈絆囿限，海洋的誘引使其入海，突破陸地生活的圍困；雖然海上船舶亦具囿限性，卻也因為海洋，使其突破對於海洋的單一視角，由近而遠、由海面而海下、再由海返陸，看見並記錄海洋的繽紛，並賦予船舶更多象徵性與積極意義。而就其書寫文類及策略來說，可看出廖鴻基近年作品的開展與嘗試，無論是海洋文學選集、長篇小說或海洋寓言，又或是海洋書寫與海洋教育的並行。持續的行動與書寫，為臺灣海洋文學譜寫更深廣的題材與風貌，亦打造出一處極具其獨特風格的無域之海。

關鍵字

廖鴻基；海洋文學；海洋書寫；海洋教育

並列摘要

The life and writings of Taiwanese fisherman writer, Liao Hung-chi, is closely related to oceans. In each of his writings, a philosophical view of the ocean can be seen. Not only are the ocean and the land, departure and arrival, width and narrowness, largeness and smallness, remoteness and nearness, underwaterness and abovewaterness, depth and surface verified, but also mountains, riversides and estuaries are so as well. The relationships between human beings and marine lives, groups and individuals and fathers and daughters can gain new perspectives and engagement in oceans. The thesis centers around the relationship between human beings and oceans, and further discuss the relationship in terms of space, others and individuals, genres and strategies. The two terms “drift” and “breakthrough” frequently appear in Liao’s writing. “Drift” is consciousness of his mind and the issue and element shown in his writing. “Breakthrough” is the motivation and result which the ocean brings him. Readers can observe the characteristic by reading more than ten of his works. “Enclosement” is the limitation that the whole world brought him and then the ocean saves him from breaking through the difficulty which the land caused. Even though boats in the ocean includes limitation as well, he breaks the single perspective to the ocean just because of the ocean. From the nearness to the remoteness, from the abovewaterness to underwaterness, and from the ocean back to the land, Liao records the colorfulness of the ocean and endows boats with symbolic and positive meanings. As for genres and strategies, no matter in maritime literature collocations, full-length novels, marine fables, maritime writing as well as marine education, readers can see the development and attempt in his recent works. With continuous action and writing, Liao’s writing composes various motifs and styles for Taiwanese maritime literature, and further creates his own unique, stylish and endless ocean.