兩種水棲昆蟲之吸附結構與機制研究：以石蛉幼蟲與網蚊幼蟲為啟發

Attachment Structures and Mechanisms of two Aquatic Insects: Inspirations from the Larvae of Neochauliodes sinensis (Megaloptera) and Blepharicera sp.(Diptera)

劉冠麟(Liu, Guan Lin)

指導教授 ： 陳柏宇

國立清華大學/工學院/材料科學工程學系/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2014.00617

摘要

水棲昆蟲生活在溪流中，為了適應湍急的流速，演化出各式各樣的構造。水棲昆蟲利用幾種不同的構造與機制，以貼附在石頭表面，以便在激流中存活。本研究針對兩種水棲昆蟲：石蛉幼蟲以及網蚊幼蟲，以材料科學與工程之角度，探討其顯微結構以及吸附機制。透過光學顯微鏡以及電子顯微鏡，可得知此與吸附機制有關的多層次顯微結構。並利用離心儀量測臨界轉速評估這兩種昆蟲在不同吸附表面的吸附能力。而比較此兩種昆蟲的吸附機制，發現運用吸盤吸附的昆蟲在平滑表面的吸附能力較佳；而運用鉤子、爪子以及顆粒狀墊片的昆蟲，則較能吸附在粗糙表面上。此外，針對網蚊幼蟲的吸盤，進行更深入的研究，應證皺褶表面、內向剛毛、外向纖毛以及吸盤開口等顯微結構，和其對應的功用。試驗結果顯示，毛細作用對於吸盤的水中吸附的貢獻度不大。而根據離心測量儀測得到吸附能力進行比較，以鐵氟龍片為基板，網蚊幼蟲可吸附之臨界轉速高達1600rpm，約為石蛉幼蟲的五倍。網蚊幼蟲特殊的吸盤結構以及吸附能力，可望提供水中吸附與新型仿生吸盤設計與製造之靈感。

關鍵字

水棲昆蟲 ； 吸附機制 ； 多階層結構 ； 石蛉 ； 網蚊 ； 吸盤 ； 墊片 ； 離心力 ； 毛細作用 ； 水中吸附

並列摘要

Aquatic insects live through some stages of their life cycle in the water. They have developed various types of attachment systems to resist rapid water flow. Combinations of different attachment devices can offer aquatic insects advantages in underwater adhesion on substrates with different surface properties. In this study, the larvae of Dobsonfly (Neochauliodes sinensis) and Blepharicera sp. were investigated to understand the relationship between micro-/nano-structure and attachment mechanisms. The hierarchical structures of insect adhesive surface were characterized by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Centrifugal measurements were also conducted to measure the critical rotational velocities that insects can adhere to different substrates. Attachment structures and mechanisms for different aquatic insects are discussed and compared in this research. Suckers require smooth substrate surface for developing negative pressure under the sucker cup while claws, hooks or frictional pads need irregularities to attach to the rough surfaces by interlocking or frictional force. Furthermore, the functions of microstructures including wrinkle surface, inward setae, outer fibers and nick, observed on the sucker of the larva of Blepharicera sp. were also explored. It has been proved that capillarity has no or minor contribution to the underwater adhesion of sucker. Critical rotational velocity of the larva of Blepharicera sp. reach ~1600 rpm which is over 5 times than that of the larva of dobsonfly measured on Teflon substrate. The unique microstructure and adhesion capability of such sucker could shed light on the design and synthesis of novel bio-inspired devices for underwater adhesion.

並列關鍵字

Aquatic insects ； attachment mechanisms ； Dobsonfly ； Blepharicera sp. ； sucker ； claws ； hooks ； pads ； centrifugal ； capillarity ； underwater adhesion

參考文獻

[17][17] J. H. Waite, "Nature's underwater adhesive specialist," J. H. Waite, "Nature's underwater adhesive specialist," J. H. Waite, "Nature's underwater adhesive specialist," J. H. Waite, "Nature's underwater adhesive specialist," J. H. Waite, "Nature's underwater adhesive specialist," J. H. Waite, "Nature's underwater adhesive specialist," J. H. Waite, "Nature's underwater adhesive specialist," J. H. Waite, "Nature's underwater adhesive specialist," J. H. Waite, "Nature's underwater adhesive specialist," J. H. Waite, "Nature's underwater adhesive specialist," J. H. Waite, "Nature's underwater adhesive specialist," J. H. Waite, "Nature's underwater adhesive specialist," J. H. Waite, "Nature's underwater adhesive specialist," J. H. Waite, "Nature's underwater adhesive specialist," J. H. Waite, "Nature's underwater adhesive specialist," J. H. Waite, "Nature's underwater adhesive specialist," J. H. Waite, "Nature's underwater adhesive specialist," J. H. Waite, "Nature's underwater adhesive specialist," J. H. Waite, "Nature's underwater adhesive specialist," J. H. Waite, "Nature's underwater adhesive specialist," J. H. Waite, "Nature's underwater adhesive specialist," J. H. Waite, "Nature's underwater adhesive specialist," J. H. Waite, "Nature's underwater adhesive specialist," J. H. Waite, "Nature's underwater adhesive specialist," J. H. Waite, "Nature's underwater adhesive specialist," ADHESlON AND ADHESlON AND ADHESlON AND ADHESIVES, ADHESIVES, ADHESIVES, vol. 7, 1987. vol. 7, 1987.

[27][27] W. M. Kier and A. Smith, "The Structure Adhesive Mechanism of W. M. Kier and A. Smith, "The Structure Adhesive Mechanism of W. M. Kier and A. Smith, "The Structure Adhesive Mechanism of W. M. Kier and A. Smith, "The Structure Adhesive Mechanism of W. M. Kier and A. Smith, "The Structure Adhesive Mechanism of W. M. Kier and A. Smith, "The Structure Adhesive Mechanism of W. M. Kier and A. Smith, "The Structure Adhesive Mechanism of W. M. Kier and A. Smith, "The Structure Adhesive Mechanism of W. M. Kier and A. Smith, "The Structure Adhesive Mechanism of W. M. Kier and A. Smith, "The Structure Adhesive Mechanism of W. M. Kier and A. Smith, "The Structure Adhesive Mechanism of W. M. Kier and A. Smith, "The Structure Adhesive Mechanism of W. M. Kier and A. Smith, "The Structure Adhesive Mechanism of W. M. Kier and A. Smith, "The Structure Adhesive Mechanism of W. M. Kier and A. Smith, "The Structure Adhesive Mechanism of W. M. Kier and A. Smith, "The Structure Adhesive Mechanism of W. M. Kier and A. Smith, "The Structure Adhesive Mechanism of W. M. Kier and A. Smith, "The Structure Adhesive Mechanism of W. M. Kier and A. Smith, "The Structure Adhesive Mechanism of W. M. Kier and A. Smith, "The Structure Adhesive Mechanism of W. M. Kier and A. Smith, "The Structure Adhesive Mechanism of Octopus Suckers," Octopus Suckers," Octopus Suckers," Octopus Suckers," Octopus Suckers," Octopus Suckers," Octopus Suckers," Octopus Suckers," Integrative and Comparative Biology, Integrative and Comparative Biology, Integrative and Comparative Biology, Integrative and Comparative Biology, Integrative and Comparative Biology, Integrative and Comparative Biology, Integrative and Comparative Biology, Integrative and Comparative Biology, Integrative and Comparative Biology, Integrative and Comparative Biology, Integrative and Comparative Biology, Integrative and Comparative Biology, Integrative and Comparative Biology, vol. 42, pp. 1146 vol. 42, pp. 1146 -1153, 1153, 2002.

[53][53] I. A. Akimov, Starovir, V. Yastrebtsov, and I. A. Akimov, Starovir, V. Yastrebtsov, and I. A. Akimov, Starovir, V. Yastrebtsov, and I. A. Akimov, Starovir, V. Yastrebtsov, and I. A. Akimov, Starovir, V. Yastrebtsov, and I. A. Akimov, Starovir, V. Yastrebtsov, and I. A. Akimov, Starovir, V. Yastrebtsov, and I. A. Akimov, Starovir, V. Yastrebtsov, and I. A. Akimov, Starovir, V. Yastrebtsov, and I. A. Akimov, Starovir, V. Yastrebtsov, and I. A. Akimov, Starovir, V. Yastrebtsov, and I. A. Akimov, Starovir, V. Yastrebtsov, and I. A. Akimov, Starovir, V. Yastrebtsov, and I. A. Akimov, Starovir, V. Yastrebtsov, and I. A. Akimov, Starovir, V. Yastrebtsov, and I. A. Akimov, Starovir, V. Yastrebtsov, and I. A. Akimov, Starovir, V. Yastrebtsov, and I. A. Akimov, Starovir, V. Yastrebtsov, and I. A. Akimov, Starovir, V. Yastrebtsov, and I. A. Akimov, Starovir, V. Yastrebtsov, and I. A. Akimov, Starovir, V. Yastrebtsov, and I. A. Akimov, Starovir, V. Yastrebtsov, and I. A. Akimov, Starovir, V. Yastrebtsov, and I. A. Akimov, Starovir, V. Yastrebtsov, and I. A. Akimov, Starovir, V. Yastrebtsov, and V. G. Gorgol, V. G. Gorgol, V. G. Gorgol, V. G. Gorgol, V. G. Gorgol, Varroa mite Varroa mite Varroa mite Varroa mite Varroa mite Varroa mite Varroa mite - the agent of bee varroatosis. the agent of bee varroatosis. the agent of bee varroatosis. the agent of bee varroatosis.the agent of bee varroatosis.the agent of bee varroatosis.the agent of bee varroatosis. the agent of bee varroatosis. the agent of bee varroatosis. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1988. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1988. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1988. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1988.Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1988. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1988.

[59][59] R. H. Arnett and M. C. Thomas, R. H. Arnett and M. C. Thomas, R. H. Arnett and M. C. Thomas, R. H. Arnett and M. C. Thomas, R. H. Arnett and M. C. Thomas, R. H. Arnett and M. C. Thomas, R. H. Arnett and M. C. Thomas, R. H. Arnett and M. C. Thomas, R. H. Arnett and M. C. Thomas, R. H. Arnett and M. C. Thomas, American beetles American beetles American beetlesAmerican beetles American beetlesAmerican beetles. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, . Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, . Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, . Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, . Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, . Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, . Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, . Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, . Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, . Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, . Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, . Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, . Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2001.

[82][82] W. M. Kier anW. M. Kier an W. M. Kier an W. M. Kier and A. M. Smith, "The Morphology and Mechanics of Octopus d A. M. Smith, "The Morphology and Mechanics of Octopus d A. M. Smith, "The Morphology and Mechanics of Octopus d A. M. Smith, "The Morphology and Mechanics of Octopus d A. M. Smith, "The Morphology and Mechanics of Octopus d A. M. Smith, "The Morphology and Mechanics of Octopus d A. M. Smith, "The Morphology and Mechanics of Octopus d A. M. Smith, "The Morphology and Mechanics of Octopus d A. M. Smith, "The Morphology and Mechanics of Octopus d A. M. Smith, "The Morphology and Mechanics of Octopus d A. M. Smith, "The Morphology and Mechanics of Octopus d A. M. Smith, "The Morphology and Mechanics of Octopus d A. M. Smith, "The Morphology and Mechanics of Octopus d A. M. Smith, "The Morphology and Mechanics of Octopus d A. M. Smith, "The Morphology and Mechanics of Octopus d A. M. Smith, "The Morphology and Mechanics of Octopus d A. M. Smith, "The Morphology and Mechanics of Octopus d A. M. Smith, "The Morphology and Mechanics of Octopus Suckers," Suckers," Suckers," Suckers," Suckers," Biological Bulletin, Biological Bulletin, Biological Bulletin, Biological Bulletin, Biological Bulletin, vol. 178, pp. 126 -136, 1990.