麻瘋樹植物油分離之薄膜膜材開發

The development of membrane materials for crude Jatropha curcas oil refining process

徐世鴻(Shih-Hong Hsu)

指導教授 ： 鍾財王

中原大學/工學院/化學工程研究所/博士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201200119

摘要

本實驗嘗試建立兩階段油品純化技術，結合薄膜技術及吸附技術來取代傳統的油品純化步驟，以利精製麻瘋樹植物原油直接應用於發電或運輸工具，來取代傳統的石化燃料。薄膜分離技術不但可以簡化分離程序，在廢水及化學藥品的損耗方面也有明顯的下降。為了改善有機膜材的缺點，本實驗選用商業化300kDa的陶瓷膜管來進行油品的純化，其對油品中的磷脂去除率高達99%，在添加正己烷後，通量增加了三倍(30 L/h*m2)，但磷脂去除率下降到75%。
為了改進商業化陶瓷膜管，本實驗自製的碳氣凝膠薄膜將應用在此。結果顯示，在通量方面提升了1.5倍，在磷脂去除率部分則為80%，和商業化的陶瓷膜管相比，不管在通量或去除率上都有較優異的表現，且和商業化陶瓷膜管相比，碳氣凝膠膜較便宜，也增加其應用價值。
光靠薄膜過濾還無法達到德國植物原油的標準，吸附技術也許是個可以考慮的方向，在本實驗中選用了三種不同的金屬氧化物，二氧化鋯、二氧化鈦及氧化鋅。其特性可藉由，電子顯微鏡(SEM)、表面吸附分析儀(BET)及X光繞射儀(X-ray)進行觀察與量測。結果顯示二氧化鋯對於磷脂的吸附效果最佳，接著成功利用Langmuir model回歸二氧化鋯等溫吸附曲線，其最大吸附量為8.19(mg/g)，平衡吸附常數為0.051(L/mg)。
經由以上結果可發現，如果將薄膜技術與吸附技術整併在同一系統中，先利用薄膜技術檔掉大部分的油膠，及水合磷脂，接著利用金屬氧化物的吸附效果，將剩餘的磷脂去除，使用兩階段的分離程序，來達到德國植物原油的標準是比直接使用傳統，薄膜或是吸附技術來的有效，本實驗成功的建立出兩階段油品純化分離程序，並提供了許多新的研究方向及重點。

關鍵字

吸附技術 ； 薄膜技術 ； 磷脂 ； 麻瘋樹植物原油

並列摘要

Crude vegetable oils contain various minor substances such as phospholipids, free fatty acids and water that affect the quality of the refined vegetable oil. Reduction of energy costs and waste disposal are major concerns for many oil refining processes. In this study, membrane separation technology and adsorption technology were used to replace conventional degumming during the processing of vegetable oils. The phospholipid removal of 300kDa commercial ceramic membrane with crude Jatropha curcas oil is 99% . The flux of oil/hexane miscella is increased 3 times (30L/h*m2), but the phospholipid removal decreased to 75%.
In order to overcome this problem, mesoporous carbon aerogel membrane was used. Mesoporous carbon aerogels were successfully coated on macroporous alumina tubular supports to form tubular carbon aerogel membranes via a sol-gel process. The thickness and pore size of the carbon aerogel membrane were about 10 μm and 10 nm, respectively. For the first time, tubular carbon aerogel membranes were applied for phospholipid removal from Jatropha oil to provide biodiesel. The decreases in the viscosity, water content, carbon residue and phospholipid content of the treated Jatropha oil were attributed to the successful removal of the gums and phospholipids during the degumming process, with the rejection rate of the phospholipids to be around 80%.
Commercial zirconium dioxide, titanium dioxide and Zinc oxide were used to find out a appropriate adsorbent for phospholipids. All samples were characterized by N2 adsorption(desorption), particle size distribution, XRD and zeta potential. Obtained results show that zirconium dioxide can adsorb more phospholipids than other two metal oxides. Zeta potential and pH value were negative correlation, which means under acidity environment the surface property of metal oxide will become more positive electricity. In the oil the electrical charge of phospholipid is -28.6mV, if the surface properties of metal oxide is positive charge, it’ll improve the ability to adsorb the phospholipids. Concerning the properties of the metal oxides used in this experiment, it has been noted that the use of the zirconium dioxide led to a better removal of the phospholipid.

並列關鍵字

Jatropha curcas ； membrane technology ； adsorption tecchnology ； carbon aerogel membrane ； phospholipid. ； metal oxide

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