利用金屬氧化物作為植物油膜分離純化程序精進之應用探討與機制研究

The application and mechanism studies of metal oxides on the improvement of membrane separation and purification processes of crude plant oil.

劉冠廷(Kuan-Ting Liu)

指導教授 ： 鍾財王

中原大學/工學院/化學工程研究所/博士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201300678

摘要

中文摘要
本篇研究的重點在於探討植物油原油的精製純化過程當中，最重要的前處理三步驟，包含了植物油原油脫膠，植物原油脫蠟和經脫膠、蠟後的植物油降游離脂肪酸程序。並試圖分析且探討此三程序分別以傳統化學法，薄膜過濾法和金屬氧化物吸附法進行之過程與結果進而找出其優劣。結果發現傳統化學法無論脫膠，脫蠟或是降游離脂肪酸都可以達到95%以上的移除率，然而普遍會有中性油品損失和因化學品的添加進而產生廢水的問題。而薄膜過濾的部分，適當地超濾膜選擇可以成功地將額外添加的水合磷脂完全阻隔，然而對於非水合磷脂效果則非常有限，脫蠟則利用0.2μm的疏水微濾膜可以移除麻瘋樹植物油中約80%的蠟含量，雖然移除率沒有傳統法來的高，然而可以克服中性油損失與廢水產生的問題，但存在通量過低以及衰退的問題。最後金屬氧化物吸附，可以將磷脂含量從65.7ppm下降至24.3ppm，進一步還需探討最佳化之參數，游離脂肪酸部分，氧化鋰可以達到和傳統化學法相同的移除效果(從31.97 mg/g KOH下降至0.42mg/g KOH)，同樣效果雖然沒有傳統法來得高，但相較之下並不存在廢水產生和處理量低的問題，且只要能夠適當地將吸附材固定化中性油品損失的缺陷也可以克服，因此是為較具潛力的方式。

關鍵字

金屬化物 ； 膜膜過濾法 ； 傳統化學法 ； 植物油純化

並列摘要

Abstract
The aim of this thesis was trying to study the purification process of crude plant oil, especially focused on the crude plant oil pretreatment. In which including crude plant oil degumming process, crude plant oil dewaxing process and degummed, dewaxed plant oil deacidification process. Among these processes, conventional chemical method, membrane filtration method and metal oxide adsorption method were introduced in this study in order to compare the superiorty of each method.
It was found that during conventional chemical method, all processes showed superior removal, not only degumming but also dewaxing and deacidification processes showed higher than 95% removal. However conventional chemical method has some drawbacks like neutral oil loss and wastewater problem which was caused by chemicals added.
For membrane filtration part, it was found that the extra hydratable phospholipids could be removed totally by ultratfiltration according to the appropriate pore size (10kDa), while higher than 80% wax in the crude oil could be removed by microfiltration under room temperature and 1bar. Since membrane filtration has the advantages like no neutral oil loss and wastewater problem, however, low permeate flux and membrane fouling problem should be concerned.
Among these methods, metal oxide adsorption was considered as the most potential method for crude plant oil purification method since it could overcome the problem that membrane filtration might be met, and also there is no wastewater production. Comparing to other metal oxide in this study, titania oxide revealed the highest phospholipids removal, however, for the experimental parameters need to be optimized. For the removal of free fatty acid, lithium oxide showed superior performance comparing with other metal oxide that was choosed in this study, it could reduce the acid value of degummed, dewaxed plant oil from 31.97 mg/g KOH to 0.42mg/g KOH, whicht was about 98% removal. Thus, metal oxide adsorption might be the most potential method was crude plant oil purification, however adsorbent immobilization process is necessary.

並列關鍵字

Plant oil purification ； metal oxide adsorption ； membrane filtration ； traditional method

參考文獻

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