污水處理從業人員之健康風險評估—以淡水河系污水下水道收集系統為例—

本研究以北部淡水河系污水下水道（收集系統）之污水抽水站為研究區域，其現有作業勞工為研究對象，共計有103人，收集103年至106年間相關資料進行統計，在瞭解系統運作流程、勞工基本資料、職務分配及站內污染防治及健康防護設備等作業後，並依據職務分布、年資等相關資料綜合分析。健康風險評估，係評估人類健康及環境生態暴露於污染的環境下或毒性物質中所承受之風險度，污水從業人員身處相對高風險的作業環境，一般的防護具配戴，無法全面性保護作業人員的健康安全，本研究針對污水從業人員暴露硫化氫及噪音危害程度進行健康風險評估，在執行健康風險評估的過程中，蒐集相關作業環境監測資料、勞工健康檢查資料，人體暴露資料、危害物質之毒理資料，劑量反應資料等，然後將這些資料進行綜合的分析與研判。調查103年至106年皆在污水抽水站作業之員工（共有58名），進行健康檢查之差異分析，僅胸部X光、GOT、GPT、總膽固醇等項目，四年間呈現統計上顯著的差異。聽力與「年齡」有正相關，亦即年齡愈大，聽力愈有可能發生異常。而血壓則與「BMI」有正相關，亦即BMI 愈高，血壓愈高。脂肪肝、肝功能與「BMI」有正相關，即BMI 愈高者，其脂肪肝或肝功能異常者最多。統計全站員工歷年前八大異常健檢項目，逐年比較其與環境的相關性，發現GPT、總膽固醇、三酸甘油脂以及聽力這四項健檢項目皆與「噪音」有正相關；而血色素、飯前血糖則是與「各站作業環境」有正相關。現場人員配戴噪音防護具的比例相當低，應落實職業安全衛生管理，制定罰則，要求配戴防護具並確實執行。

關鍵字

污水抽水站；健康風險評估；作業環境監測；勞工健康檢查；硫化氫；噪音； BMI ； GPT ；血色素；聽力

並列摘要

This study uses the sewage pumping station of the Tamsui river sewage collection system as the research area The existing working labor is the research object, a total of 103 people, collecting relevant data from 103 to 106 years for statistics, in understanding the system operation process After basic operations, basic labor distribution, job distribution, pollution prevention and health protection equipment, a comprehensive analysis of seniority and other relevant information. Health risk assessment is to assess the risk of exposure to human health and environmental ecology in a polluted environment or toxic substances. Sewage practitioners are in a relatively high-risk working environment, and general protective equipment can not protect the health and safety of workers. Health and safety of workers, this study conducts health risk assessment for the exposure of sewage workers to hydrogen sulfide and noise hazards. In the process of implementing health risk assessment, it collects relevant operational workplace environmental monitoring data, general physical examinations data, human exposure data, the toxicological information on toxic substances, the dose response data, etc., and then the comprehensive analysis and judgment of these data. Between 103 and 106 years, the employees working in the sewage pumping station (58 in total) analysis of differences in health checks. Only chest X-ray, GOT, GPT, total cholesterol and other items showed statistically significant differences over the four years. Listening has a positive correlation with "age", that is, the older the age, the more likely the hearing is abnormal. The blood pressure is positively correlated with "BMI", that is, the higher the BMI, the higher the blood pressure. Fatty liver and liver function are positively correlated with "BMI", that is, the higher the BMI, the more abnormal the fatty liver or liver function occurs. Statistics of the eight major abnormal health check items of the whole station staff, and their correlation with the environment was compared year by year. It was found that the four health check items of GPT, total cholesterol, triglyceride and hearing were positively correlated with "noise". hemoglobin and AC-Sugar are positively correlated with the "work environment of each station". The proportion of field personnel wearing soundproofing equipment is very low. Occupational safety and health management should be implemented, penalties should be established, and protective equipment should be worn and implemented.

並列關鍵字

Sewage Pumping Station ； Health Risk Assessment ； Workplace Environmental Monitoring ； General Physical Examinations ； Hydrogen Sulfide ； Noise ； BMI ； GPT ； Hemoglobin ； Hearing Acuity