都市污水處理廠操作單元對於污水下水道管網中易傳播公共疾病之影響及因應規範之研究

The Study on the Effect of Operational units of Urban Sewage Treatment Plant on the Ease of Transmission of Public Health Diseases in Sewer System and Related Corresponding Regulations

陳長佑(CHANG-YU CHEN)

指導教授 ： 游勝傑

中原大學/工學院/環境工程學系/碩士(2022年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu202201590

摘要

都市污水處理廠為污水下水道系統之終端處理單位，負責收集區域內衛生下水道之污水，同時須面對可藉由衛生下水道系統傳播疾病的傳染風險，本論文以都市污水處理廠N廠為標的，進行相關的實驗及研究。
由文獻及資料分析後發現都市污水處理廠在面對疫情有人員感染及污水污染等問題。藉由生物氣溶膠採樣實驗，及污水處理製程之水樣殺菌實驗，由空氣總菌變化狀況及消毒劑殺菌實驗結果，來分析疫情對都市污水處理廠可能的影響。
由生物氣膠變化發現，水體與開口的距離，是造成工作區氣膠濃度上升的主要因素；氣膠濃度在距離水體開口3米左右有較明顯沉降現象；另外發現通抽風設計不良或不足，可能使生物氣膠濃度提高或改變蓄積位置，提高疾病傳播風險。殺菌實驗結果發現次氯酸鈉在總濃度10ppm以下的條件，對總菌落數影響有限，厭氧菌處理流程有細菌增生現象，可能造成菌落生態改變的情況；二氧化氯在總濃度1ppm以上就具有較高除菌效果，並可能造成好氧菌及厭氧菌的大量死亡，導致生物處理流程產生影響。
都市污水處理廠面對疾病傳播的因應，對疾病控制及人員安全需要針對工作特殊性，進行自主的防治計畫及方式；在降低人員感染風險上，除個人防護的提升外，可提升管制及監控方式、自動化採樣、零組件整合及規格化等因應手段；對於水體受到致病菌或清潔劑污染的可能，進行對應性措施進流水消毒及放流水迴流等方式應用，或進一步研究即時監控方式等預防性措施，來確保污水處理廠的正常運作。

關鍵字

都市污水處理廠 ； 公共衛生疾病 ； COVID-19 ； 防疫

並列摘要

The urban sewage treatment plant is the final treatment unit of the sewerage system and is responsible for the collection of sewage from the sanitary sewerage system in the region, and at the same time, it has to face the risk of disease transmission through the sanitary sewerage system.
From the analysis of literature and data, it was found that the urban sewage treatment plant is facing the problems of staff infection and sewage contamination. The possible effects of the epidemic on the MSWs were analyzed through bioaerosol sampling experiments and water sample disinfection experiments in the wastewater treatment process, as well as the results of total airborne bacteria changes and disinfectant disinfection experiments.
It was found that the distance of the water body from the opening was the main factor that caused the increase of gum concentration in the working area; the gum concentration settled more obviously around 3 meters from the opening of the water body. It is found that sodium hypochlorite at a total concentration of 10 ppm or less has limited effect on the total colony count, but anaerobic bacteria have proliferation in the treatment process, which may cause changes in the colony ecology; chlorine dioxide at a total concentration of 1 ppm or more has a higher bacterial removal effect and may cause the death of aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria in large numbers, resulting in the biological treatment process.
The urban wastewater treatment plant is faced with the spread of disease, disease control and personnel safety need to be carried out in response to the specificity of the work, independent prevention and control plans and methods; in reducing the risk of infection of personnel, in addition to the improvement of personal protection, control and monitoring methods can be improved, automated sampling, integration of components and standardization and other means of response; for the possibility of contamination of the water body by pathogenic bacteria or detergents, the corresponding measures into In order to ensure the normal operation of the wastewater treatment plant, we can apply disinfection and drainage water circulation methods, or further study preventive measures such as real-time monitoring methods.

並列關鍵字

sewage treatment ； public disease ； COVID-19, epidemic prevention ； epidemic prevention

參考文獻

行政院環保署環境檢驗所網站

內政部營建署全球資訊網

外交部領事事務局全球資訊網

勞動部勞動及職業安全衛生研究所網站

衛生福利部全球資訊網