利用知識地圖發展物理解題系統之研究

Apply Knowledge Map to Develop Physics Problem-Solving System

董大賢(Ta-Hsien Tung)

指導教授 ： 賀嘉生

中原大學/工學院/資訊工程研究所/碩士(2002年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200200029

摘要

程序型知識及策略型知識將會建構出解題的具體方法，而描述型知識會將領域知識架構架構出來並將其內涵的概念闡述出來。長期記憶與短期記憶構成解題記憶系統。描述型知識知識的整合單位是基模 (schemas)，它可以結合敍述性知識的三種基本形式：命題 (propositions) 、心像 (images) 和線性規則 (linear orderings)可以有組織地包含了某範疇內結構中典型的概念。
概念是一個領域知識的元素，領域知識靠概念與概念之間的關係來建構出其概念階層，但是要紀錄概念本身的架構則需概念基模去定義概念的成分。問題的架構為問題處理的首要問題，在這裡將會提出一個問題的架構讓解題策略得以藉由該架構去辨識及分析題目所有的意義，而解題策略本身經由生產法則及運算元去架構一個解題的策略，進而利用策略去進行解題的動作。
長期記憶區可以作為解題時的知識庫，而短期記憶區可以作為當作解題時的工作記憶，而題目的架構則定義了題目的題意結構，解體策略利用該題意結構進行分析且將動作結果紀錄在短期記憶區中。解題策略會依照問題的狀態決定其操作，當問題狀態達到目標狀態，該策略就其階段完成任務，本論文將問題解決分成四個解題步驟：問題識別、問題細緻化、解題規劃和解提執行。
設計物理長期記憶區的概念階層與概念基模，及設定一些簡單的語句來描述題目，利用問題識別策略讀取問題描述句建立問題架構，問題細緻化對存在於短期記憶區的問題架構利用概念的特徵進一步收集資料，解題規劃將細緻化後的題目架構進行解題步驟的規劃，最後將規劃出來的解題步驟交由解題執行策略求出最後的解答。

關鍵字

知識地圖 ； 解題策略 ； 知識基模 ； 知識階層 ； 問題解決

並列摘要

Procedural Knowledge and Strategical Knowledge will construct the way of problem solving and Declarative Knowledge will set the environment of domain knowledge and construct the concepts of domain knowledge. Long-term memory and short-term memory construct the problem-solving memory system. Schema will combine these three types of declarative knowledge: propositions, images and linear orderings. It could organize the information of concept of domain knowledge.
Concepts are elements of domain knowledge. The relations between concepts construct Concept Hierarchy. The structure of concept must find out the elements of concept schema and is constructed by schema. The problem structure is the first aim of problem solving. This paper will declare a problem structure for problem-solving strategies to analyze the meaning of problem. The production rules and operators construct the problem-solving strategies. The problem-solving strategies will use those rules and operators to solve a problem.
Long-term memory is a knowledge base of problem-solving system and short-term memory is a working memory during solving a problem. Problem structure defines the structure of problem meaning. Problem-solving structure will analyze that structure and store the result into short-term memory. Problem-solving strategies operate based on states of problem. When problem states match the goal state of the current problem-solving strategy then this strategy completes its own task. This paper divides the procedures of problem solving into four solving strategies: Problem Identification, Problem Elaboration, Problem-solving Planning and Problem-solving Execution.
This paper designs the long-term memory structure of junior high-school physics problem examples and takes several simple to construct problem structure. Problem identification will identify sentence patterns to redescribe the original problem. Problem elaboration will compare the concepts in the problem structure and those concepts in long-term memory to enrich the problem structure in the short-term memory. Problem-solving Planning sets the solving sequence based on the information in the short-term memory. Problem-solving execution will execute the problem-solving sequence to get the final answer.

並列關鍵字

knowledge hierarchy ； knowledge schema ； solving strategies ； problem solving ； knowledge map

參考文獻

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