摘要
在知識地圖中，包含了描述概念屬性的概念基模與描述概念關係的概念階層。知識地圖的概念階層是以概念圖發展的設計，因此知識地圖具有概念圖的優點，能明確地表現概念與概念之間的關係；同時也具有基模的功能，呈現某概念的相關屬性。 本篇論文以知識地圖當作人類的長期記憶區和短期記憶區，用來儲存概念。然後引用認知心理學中對推理模式的定義，模擬人類推理思考。 論文中分析設計到的推理模式有三種：演繹推理、歸納推理和類比推理。演繹推理比較重要的有三段論法和條件式推理兩種，原理是根據一組前提而得到一個結論。歸納推理歸納是從已經存在的知識中，找出一個一般性的結論。類比推理是指舊問題的解決方法可用來引導新問題的解決。推理的模式可以以三種類型存在：理論形式、知識地圖形式、程式碼形式。 最後，在論文中會設計一套機制，實做一個結合知識地圖的推理系統，並以其對生物問題進行推理。
並列摘要
Knowledge map is designed from concept map; therefore, it gets what is good of concept map. The basic unit of knowledge map is concept, and there can exist a relation between two concepts. The concepts and their IS-A/HAS-A relations form a hierarchy, named concept hierarchy; furthermore, knowledge map also uses schema to describe attributes of concepts, named concept schema. In this paper, knowledge map is used to simulate long-term memory and short-term memory of human in order to store concepts and their relations. And according to the reasoning models in cognitive psychology, human reasoning can be simulated. There are three reasoning models analyzed and designed in paper: deduction, induction and analogy. Syllogism and conditional reasoning are two of important deduction models, consisting of a set of premises and a conclusion. Induction is to draw a general conclusion from existent knowledge. Analogy is to solve a new problem based on the solution of some old problem. The forms of these three kinds of reasoning models are analyzed in three forms: theory form, knowledge map form, and programming code form. And then the algorithms of these reasoning models are designed with knowledge map. Finally, a reasoning mechanism will be designed in terms of the three kinds of forms and the reasoning algorithms, and a practical system is implemented with knowledge map to solve biology problems. The reasoning system will read the given problem, and output the reasoning trace for solving this problem.