建構與應用工程教育電腦輔助教學系統之研究

ON DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF COMPUTER-ASSISTED INSTRUCTIONAL SYSTEMS FOR ENGINEERING EDUCATION

周雲虎(Yu-Hur Chou)

指導教授 ： 謝尚賢

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/博士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.00222

摘要

本研究以工程學程為研究目標，探討如何設計及製作一系列的電腦輔助教學系統，以幫助老師教學與學生學習。針對工程學程的特性與需求，本論文完成了三套弁鄐ㄕP的電腦輔助教學系統：配比設計學電腦輔助教學軟體、課程管理系統及電腦測驗與評量系統。
本論文所完成的配比設計學電腦輔助教學軟體，採鷹架式學習理論教學，以模擬電腦輔助教學法設計教材內容軟體。此教學軟體擁有高互動的教材、動態計算與自動設計功能、動態參數值與具診斷功能的測驗題型、並強調圖形介面的操作與展示，所選之教授課程為『配比設計學』，包含一般混凝土配比設計與瀝青混凝土配比設計兩個單元。經兩班1/2學期的對照試教的結果，利用電腦輔助教學軟體的班級，期中考的平均分數比未實施的班級高，所需教學的時間，幾乎縮短為傳統教學的一半，學生學習的興趣明顯提高。在探討教學課程的級配粒料組合之計算時，本研究也發現一求級配粒料組合最佳解的方法，本研究稱之『轉換矩陣法』，此最佳化邏輯已被證明是一相當簡單，快速又準確的最佳化搜尋方法。
本研究課程管理系統的設計，是以概念構圖為藍本去建構電腦輔助教學之課程結構，此管理系統所建構的課程結構包含多層次、網狀的排程圖，可清楚地表徵整個課程知識間的關係，並可協助教師很容易發掘遺漏的關聯及單元，也可提供相當彈性的課程修正及延展，此系統不但適合於單一課程，更可延伸至多課程的課程編排及知識關聯。此管理系統另包含一整合計算邏輯，可整合不同的課程結構。本研究目前所完成的部份，為一雛形課程管理系統的設計及實做說明。
本研究所設計之測驗評量系統，在出題部分、採用了動態及參數出題模式，測驗題目可依測驗主題項目的調整而改變，題目參數則依預設限制、由電腦自動產生，故每次出題題目皆不相同，如此可避免學生背誦題庫答案的缺失。本套測驗系統另發展了一推理式的派翠西網路模式來建置答案結構邏輯，也證明此模式可完全符合動態及參數化的題型。另在答題方面、採用了概念構圖模式，可以獲得充足的資訊，以找到受測者的迷失概念，並給予客觀的評分。在計分模式方面、為求客觀則採用了模糊比對邏輯，實測證實可公正及客觀的計分，此套系統非常適合工程設計學程的測驗模式。本測驗評量系統的完成，可幫助教師實施電腦測驗評量，可節省許多老師審閱考卷的時間。

關鍵字

課程管理系統 ； 電腦輔助教學 ； 電腦評量系統 ； 工程教育

並列摘要

The purposes of this research are to investigate how to design and develop three computer-assisted systems to help teachers and students teach and learn in engineering education. They are the computer-assisted instruction software with the subject matter of concrete mixed design course, the courseware management system and the computer-assisted assessment system.
The computer-assisted instruction software adopts the scaffolding learning theory and the techniques of simulations for designing. This software is highly interactive, dynamically calculated and with automatic design function. The subject matter of this instruction is the concrete mixed design course including the concrete mixed design and the hot mix asphalt design. Based on the formative evaluation lasted for 2 months, the result indicates that this software is effective for teaching. This research also finds a new method, named as the transfer matrix method, to compute the optimization of aggregate blending. The transfer matrix method is more accurate for computation than the traditional method, such as the linear programming method.
For the courseware management system, a new algorithm for the course design based on the concept mapping technique is proposed. A course is separated into course units involving three levels that include the sub-node, node and chapter. The technique of concept mapping is used to represent a course unit for each level, and a tree-branching and hierarchical course structure is constructed. This algorithm is implemented to integrate different course structures as well as to provide useful parameters for managing the learning paths. The algorithm is allowed to produce scheduling diagrams that can clearly identify relationships among different course units, and help teachers discover any missing course units or links. Thus, the courseware management system involving this algorithm is more flexible when it comes to aggregating learning objects.
The computer-assisted assessment system consists of three well-designed sub-systems. First, a reply sub-system is developed based on the concept mapping technique. Second, a sub-system is developed for generating correct answers. And, its logic structure is based on a rule-based Petri-net module. Third, a sub-system based on the fuzzy mapping logic is developed for scoring and diagnosing students’ misconceptions. This assessment system is a useful and efficient tool for teachers in implementing computer-based examinations.

並列關鍵字

engineering education ； computer-assisted instruction ； computer-assisted assessment system ； courseware management system

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