- 學位論文
台灣稻米政策之有效性檢定-向量最適理論之應用
Efficiency Test Of Taiwan Rice Policies-An Application Of Vector Optimization Theory
摘要
本研究主要目的在驗證台灣稻米政策對稻米產業相關利益團體之福利影響並檢定「有效重分配假說」。政府為求國內稻米市場產銷平衡，利用補貼獎勵制度鼓勵稻農休耕或轉作其它農作物，而在保證收購價格制度未有所變動的假設下，台灣稻米市場在加入WTO之後對相關利益團體的福利影響為何以及兩個政策並行實施是否達到柏瑞圖效率乃為本論文主要探討的議題。本文以1965年至2000年之年資料為樣本並利用向量最適理論驗證「有效重分配假說」，實證結果顯示，自1984年以來政府實行稻米減作計劃以達產銷平衡的訴求，在保證收購制度未有任何改變的情形下，無論開放市場與否，其出現滿位階的機率甚高，亦即皆不滿足有效重分配假說，換言之，政府推行的保證收購制度與稻米減作計畫等政策並不具有柏瑞圖效率。在相關利益團體之福利方面，未開放稻米進口之時，保證收購價格維持不變的假設下，轉作補貼對稻農的福利影響為正，對消費者福利為負，對政府支出卻是不利的；若假設補貼金額固定，則保證收購價格的變動對稻農為正，對政府福利影響為負。此外，進口將使稻農的福利減少，消費者之福利增加以及增加了政府支出的負擔。
並列摘要
The impact of Taiwan’s entering WTO is substantial and attracts many researchers’ attention. To keep rice price and quantity stable, Taiwan government implements purchasing program and insists that farmers participate in land idling and land diversion program. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the welfare of domestic interest groups in Taiwan’s rice market under two policy instruments, acreage control policy and official purchase program. Moreover, this study seeks to use the vector optimization theory to test the efficient redistribution hypothesis and Pareto efficiency of Taiwan’s rice policy from 1965 to 2000. Empirical results show that the efficient redistribution hypothesis of rice policy does not hold. In addition, according to the comparative static analysis, farmers gain from subsidy while the welfare of consumers and the government decrease due to the program. If subsidy remains the same, adjusting purchase price increases the rice farmers' welfare, but it has negative effect on government's expenditure. Furthermore, rice import quota cuts the rice farmers' welfare, increases the rice consumers' welfare, and government's expenditure.