我國公、私立高中職校教師退休制度之比較

To Explore the Comparison of the Retirement System between Public and Private Vocational School

林秀峰(Hsiu-Feng Lin)

指導教授 ： 胡為善

中原大學/商學院/會計研究所/碩士(2003年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200300013

摘要

本研究的研究目的在於：一、探討公私立學校目前在職的教師對退休制度之認知與看法; 二、比較公私立學校教師的認知差異; 三、分析民國85年至民國90年度教師退休的實際情況; 四、比較公私立學校教師的退休情況之差異; 五、針對我國高中職校教師的現行退休制度，提出具體可行之改進建議。
本研究以公私立學校在職教師及學校的人事主任為研究對象，收回有效問卷120份，回收率達50％。主要結果如下：
一、就教師對退休制度之認知與看法部分：
1、 私立學校教師的瞭解程度高於公立學校; 2、公私立學校教師不瞭解的原因通常是距離退休之日還早; 3、不論公、私立學校均希望領取月退休金，因有穩定的收入; 4、大多教師認為應有現在收入的七成，方可維持退休後的生活; 5、大多數教師對九十年三月的修正案持認同的態度; 6、 本研究發現教師的性別和修法的認同度並沒有顯著相關; 7、年齡較輕者對於修法的認同度較低; 8、在未來可能再次修法的條文，公私立學校教師的看法彼此間有顯著差異，其中年資最短和年資最長者，對未來修法方向的認同差異最大。
二、就民國85年至民國90年度教師退休的實際情況部分：
1、男性退休者多於女性; 2、公立學校的退休人數逐年遞增，私立學校則無此現象; 3、公立學校教師的退休年資以25～29年者最多，私立學校則在35年以上者最多; 4、公立學校教師在51～55歲退休者最多，私立學校教師在61～65歲退休者最多; 5、公立學校教師年齡在51～55歲退休者逐年遞增，願意工作到61～65歲才退休者，則逐年遞減; 6、公立學校在退休學校的服務年資，公立學校以20～30年者最多，私立學校則以31年以上者為最多。
根據以上結論，本研究提出下述幾點建議：1、在研議新的法令制度前，全面調查權益相關者的看法和意見，減低因不了解新法令而導致的反對聲浪; 2、教師的退休制度應更具彈性，且因應未來壽命的再延長，不需重複為同一問題再次修法; 3、將教師與公務人員的退休條件分開，以保持教學的特殊性; 4、特別針對教師設計退休辦法，且列為國家教育制度的一環，使從事教師工作者享有相同福利。

關鍵字

比較研究 ； 高中職校教師 ； 退休制度

並列摘要

This work concentrates on the attitude of both public and private vocational schools teachers on the current retirement and the pension fund system. Hence, the purposes of this study are as follows: 1.To investigate the viewpoints of both public and private vocational school teachers on the retirement and pension fund system; 2. To compare public vocational teacher with private vocational teacher on the knowledge of current pension fund system; 3. To analyze the retirement statistics of vocational high school teachers who retired from 1996 to 2001. 4. To compare public vocational teachers with private vocational school teachers’ retirement statistics. 5. To provide suggestions of improvement to government officials on vocational school’s retirement and pension fund system.
This work’s underlying targets are 240 personnel directors or staff working in public or private vocational school. The recovery rate of the questionnaires is 50%. The empirical results are as follows:
Firstly, regarding the knowledge and viewpoints on retirement and pension fund system from vocational school teachers, the summary of questionnaires is as follows:
I. The teachers who worked at private vocational school had broader knowledge than those of public vocational school on retirement and pension fund system.
II. The major reason why many teachers didn’t know the details of current retirement plan seemed to be is the responding teachers are too young to concern their retirement plan.
III. Both public and private school’s teachers prefer to receive the retirement amounts monthly, because the monthly payment will give them more stable income than they receive all the retirement amount once.
IV. Most respondents believe that, in order to maintain their living standard, they would like to receive their monthly retirement plan in an amount which is equal to of 70% of their monthly salary in the past.
V. Most of the respondents agree to the amended acts of retirement dated March 2001.
VI. The results showed that no significant correlation between sex and attitude toward the amended acts.
VII. The younger the responding teacher, the lower the agreement with the amended acts.
VIII. The viewpoints of the public and private vocational school teachers on the amended acts for the future are significantly different.
IX. After analyzing the length of seniority of all the responding teachers, this work indicated that, the most significant difference occurred between the teachers who have the longest seniority and those who have the shortest seniority.
Secondly, regarding the statistics of retired teachers during the period from 1996 to 2001, this investigation found the following results:
I. The number of the retired teachers of male is far more than those of female during that period.
II. The number of retired teachers of public school increased yearly, but that of private school did not increase yearly.
III. Most of the public school teachers chose to retire after they taught for 25-29 years. However, most of the private school teachers retired after they worked for 35 years.
IV. Most public school teachers retired at their ages from 51 to 55. However, most private school teachers retired at their ages from 61 to 65.
V. Recently, the number of public school teachers who retired at the age of 51 to 55 increased yearly. However, the number of private school teachers who retired at the age of 61 to 65 decreased yearly.
Based on the results of the above investigations, this study provide following suggestions to the government officials:
1. The government officials should make a complete survey before they want to establish new acts or systems for the future. Because they need to lower the oppositive arguments form either public or private school teachers by illustrating the pros and cons of the amendments.
2. The retirement system should be more flexible to fit in the trend of life extension of human beings. Therefore, the government officials do not need to modify the law of retirement system for the same topic repeatedly.
3. The government officials should separate the retire terms and conditions of teachers from those of other civil servants, in order to keep the retirement system of teachers simply and uniquely.
4. The government officials should design the retire system for teachers only, and to be included as a portion of the national education system, Moreover, they should provide teachers from every school level the same benefits.

並列關鍵字

retirement ； vocational school teacher ； comparativ study

參考文獻

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