近年來,由於全球化經濟發展,供應鏈管理是值得研究的課題。在這競爭激烈的時代,已不再如過去般的只是企業與企業間的競爭,而是演變成供應鏈與供應鏈間的競爭。由於供應鏈是一種從供應者至消費者之物流與資訊流的網路架構,因此供應鏈上的所有成員都必須以整個供應鏈的利益為最優先考量,使整體系統達到最佳化。而要達到最佳化的目標,成本考量是極重要的。因此本研究以整體供應鏈的成本極小化為考量,主要目的是探討單一配銷商四階供應鏈中相關存貨策略的整合問題,並嘗試提出一上下游整合之相關模式,包含供應商、製造商、配銷商及零售商,其中,分別針對單一製造商及多製造商兩種模式狀況進行探討。此外,利用動態規劃模式推導方法並以數學軟體配合程式,同時求解出製造商之最佳生產策略以及配銷商之最佳運送之策略。最後透過數值範例的敏感度分析來瞭解各決策目標對存貨策略的相關影響。
Due to the globalization of the economy in recent years, the supply chain management is a topic worthy of study. In this competitive environment, competition is not just between business and business, but it is the competition between the supply chains. Supply chain is the integration of the logistic and information from the suppliers to the consumers. All members of the supply chains must work together for the benefit of whole supply chain so as to optimize the whole system. In order to optimize the supply chain, cost consideration is vital. The research seeks to minimize the total cost of the whole supply chain. The key objective is to discuss the integration problem of a single distributor four-echelon integrated supply chain inventory model, and offer an integration mode of the upper-level and the lower-level of the enterprise, include the suppliers, manufacturers, distributors and retailers. This research aims at a single manufacturer and many manufacturers mode conditions respectively, and applies the dynamic programming method and mathematics software to derive simultaneously the best production strategy for the manufacturers, and the best transportation strategy for the distributor. Finally, sensitive analysis is carried out to study the influence of the stock strategy on the performance of the supply chain.