三角形單位歷線之修正與探討

Study on the Modify Triangular Unit Hydrograph

陳為宇(Wei-Yu Chen)

指導教授 ： 張德鑫

中原大學/工學院/土木工程研究所/碩士(2003年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200300327

摘要

摘　要

台灣地區目前在主要河川多設有水文流量站，但對於分佈較廣之短小支流大部分無水文站之設立。又目前水利署用以推估逕流量之三角形單位歷線為國外所推估之經驗式，並非適用於台灣。因此本研究對三角形單位歷線進行修正，建立出一符合台灣之降雨逕流模式。
三角形單位歷線之推求中，其洪峰到達時間與集流時間推估之關係式係由美國土壤保持局所推估，其關係式並未考慮到河川密度對集流時間與洪峰流量之影響。因此本研究以河川密度之地文條件修正洪峰到達時間；而單位歷線基期與洪峰到達時間之關係中之m值，經本研究之模擬與實測比對發現不適用於台灣地區。本研究先就集流時間、洪峰到達時間與基期進行估算，以推求適用於台灣地區之三角形單位歷線經驗式。將所推得之三角形單位歷線經驗式應用在降雨－逕流模式，就德基水庫松茂水文流量站上游集水區進行模擬，並對其退水段進行初始基流量與退水係數之修正。
經模擬結果與實測值相驗證頗為相符，因此可將此修正之三角形單位歷線應用在台灣河川上游集水區，對降雨逕流量進行合理之估算。

關鍵字

降雨－逕流模式 ； 分佈模式 ； 三角形單位歷線

並列摘要

Abstract

At present, there are hydrological stations established along most major rivers in Taiwan area. However, there are no hydrological stations established along most widespread short, small streams. Meanwhile, the triangular unit hydrograph currently used by the Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs to estimate the amount of runoff is from foreign country’s estimation model, not applied to Taiwan. Therefore, this research is working on the modification of triangular unit hydrograph,
to establish a rainfall-runoff model for Taiwan.
In the analysis and study of triangular unit hydrograph, the relationship between the time of peak flow and time of concentration is analyzed U.S. Soil Conservation Service, it doesn’t take the river density’s impact on time of concentration and peak flow into consideration. Therefore, this research will modify the time of peak flow, based on the physiography condition of river density; and the m value, the relationship between unit hydrograph base time and time of peak flow, is not applied to Taiwan area, indicates this research simulation findings. The research will proceed estimation, based on the time of concentration, time of peak flow and base time, to analyze an applicable triangular unit hydrograph model to Taiwan. The triangular unit hydrograph model will be applied to rainfall-runoff model, and proceed the simulation on the Te-Chi Reservoir Sungmau hydrological station reservoir areas, at the same time, revise the initial base flow of the recession segment and coefficient of
recession.
The simulation result approximately meets the practical measurement, therefore, the modified triangular unit hydrograph will be able to apply to upper river reservoir
areas in Taiwan, and the rainfall-runoff amount will reasonably estimated.

並列關鍵字

distributed model ； triangular unit hydrograph ； rainfall-runoff model

參考文獻

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