- 學位論文
轉盤式負載機構用之定位馬達研究
Research on Position-Controlling Motors for Loads of Turntable
摘要
本技術報告主要的目的，在以直流無刷馬達或精度較佳的步進馬達，取代原先荷重低於2Kg，應用在轉盤式機構的步進馬達。步進馬達是常常用來作位置控制的馬達之一，但若使用頻率增加時，就經常會發生不定位、超角、失步等等毛病。由於離心力的作用，在本範例的應用上，這些不穩定現象明顯地增加。考量定位、速度穩定、機構複雜程度及成本等因素之下，在眾多馬達中選擇直流無刷馬達加上 伺服控制的方式進行實驗，以證明是否可以取代步進馬達。 且因為直流無刷馬達無刷故無換向、火花等缺點，又具有伺服電動機優點，故擬以其取代步進馬達作為轉盤式負載的主傳動馬達。本研究主要目的是將原規格為二相式1.5安培級的步進馬達，進行分析與研究，分別從模擬與分析兩方面進行，記錄其結果並且加以分析判斷。最後尋找規格接近之馬達取代之，而選擇直流無刷馬達或高精度 步進馬達，以期真正的改善原來的步進馬達之缺失。 依照實驗與分析之比較結果，發現直流無刷馬達以開環路方式控制時未能有好的定位性能，若使用閉迴路控制時，雖有較好的響應，但是仍然未能超越步進馬達之定位精度，反而是其對定速的效果比較優良。但因原先要改進的不是速度而是定位精準性，故沿用步進馬達並加以提昇其步級角，且加上回授補償之迴路，可得到較佳的定位精 確度，從而降低因不定位、超角、失步所造成的損失。 關鍵詞：直流無刷馬達、步進馬達、位置控制
並列摘要
Stepping motor is often used in position-controlling. However, after long-time running, errors of position control occur frequently when a 2-phase stepping motor is used for the production of TV deflection unit with loads of turntable. As a result, about 60 times of breakdown take place every day. To find other types of motor to replace the existing one is, therefore, needed. DC brushless motor is a special motor without armature and commutator, making itself high efficient and small. Nevertheless high precision stepping motor also has its advantages to improve the problem of position control. Results of simulation and analysis from aspects of cost, efficiency, stability, and complexity of adaption reveal that DC brushless motor has ameliorated of the problems to a small extent. High-precision stepping motor is thus suggested due to its accuracy of position control and reduction of breakdown rate from 60 times to 10 times daily. It costs only NT 32,000 dollars replacement per unit, but leading to as high as NT 250,000 dollars of cost saving per month. Effectiveness of using high-precision stepping motor in place of is proved in the technical report. Keyword：DC brushless motor, stepping motor, position control