企業經營策略與產業聚群關係之研究 ─以蘇州地區台商筆記型電腦產業為例

A Research on Relationship between Business Strategy and Industrial Cluster - Taiwan Notebook Computer Industry in Suzhou Area

鍾富全(Fu-Chuan Chung)

指導教授 ： 嚴奇峰

中原大學/商學院/企業管理研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200400626

摘要

論文摘要

Porter(1990)在其國家競爭力優勢一書中，提出鑽石模型以解釋國家競爭力的來源，並指出國家的競爭優勢往往表現在某一特殊產業上，進而產生聚群的現象。然而在產業聚群之中，會有哪些現象或環境因素影響企業經營策略進而產生一個強勢的競爭優勢，卻是相關文獻中較少探討之問題，本研究以此為研究動機，並提出七項主要的研究目的：1).了解台商筆記型電腦產業其環境因素與企業特性之間關係；2).探討企業特性與經營策略之間關係；3).了解環境因素與產業特性之間關係；4).探討產業特性與產業聚群之間關係；5).了解環境因素與經營策略之間關係；6).了解環境因素與產業聚群之間關係；7).研究經營策略與產業聚群之間關係。試圖由過去學者所提出的理論整理出一個影響企業經營策略與產業聚群關係的模型，進而提出研究假設，配合實證的方式來驗證這些假設。
本研究之研究重點在探討企業經營策略與產業聚群的關係。從組織生態理論的觀點切入，探討台灣和大陸筆記型電腦產業的競爭策略，與產業聚群的形成、原因及型態；依據環境影響因素、企業特性與經營策略、產業特性與產業聚群特性等原因，提出：1).環境因素與企業特性關係之假設； 2).企業特性與企業經營策略關係之假設； 3).環境因素與產業特性關係之假設； 4).產業特性與產業聚群關係之假設； 5).環境因素與企業經營策略關係之假設； 6).環境因素與產業聚群關係之假設； 7).企業經營策略與產業聚群關係之假設等七個假設構面。
研究選取的對象為台灣筆記型電腦廠商與大陸蘇州地區台商筆記型電腦廠商，與筆記型電腦週邊產品供應配套廠商為研究範圍，總計母體數為台灣12家筆記型電腦代工廠商與供應配套廠商，選取所有的廠商作為研究樣本。回收之有效問卷為51 份，有效回收率為22.08%。
研究結果發現產業聚群的效應的確有助於產業的發展，產業聚群內的廠商會獲得較佳的互動機制，訊息的流通也會比較好，產業合作的範圍也會更明顯，同時聚群效應高的廠商在經營績效的表現上亦較佳，以上這些都有益於使該產業中廠商獲得較佳的競爭優勢，如我國目前的資訊產業中的PCB、NB、TFT-LCD、Mobile Phone等，便是最好的例子，這些產業聚群的成功，讓我們成為全世界資訊產業的主要成員。
面對競爭與微利的產業全球化發展，業者更以追求更大的經濟規模生產為產業發展目標，本研究鼓勵政府或相關的學術機構應協助或鼓勵產業聚群的現象，對其他的未來明星產業，也應給予適當的規劃與鼓勵，促成產業聚群機制的產生，如此將使產業的發展更為快速，也較容易成功。

關鍵字

產業聚群 ； 企業特性 ； NB產業 ； 環境因素 ； 產業特性 ； 企業經營策略

並列摘要

Abstract

Porter (1990) studied the competitiveness of a nation and proposed a diamond-shaped model to explain the sources of a nation’s competitiveness. Moreover, he pointed out that usually a nation’s competitiveness could be seen as a certain industry with“clustering”phenomenon. However, most literature does not explore or focus on the predominant advantages created by certain competitiveness resulted from some phenomena or environmental factors. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to explore this issue and tries to explore a framework that highlights the relationship between business strategies and industrial cluster based on the past studies and theories. And seven major goals of this research are as follow:

1. Understanding the relationship between environmental factors and business characteristics in Taiwan notebook computer industry；
2. Exploring the relationship between business characteristics and business strategies in Taiwan notebook computer industry；
3. Understanding the relationship between environmental factors and industrial characteristics in Taiwan notebook computer industry；
4. Exploring the relationship between industrial characteristics and industrial cluster in Taiwan notebook computer industry；
5. Understanding the relationship between environmental factors and business strategies in Taiwan notebook computer industry；
6. Understanding the relationship between environmental factors and industrial cluster in Taiwan notebook computer industry；
7. Studying the relationship between business strategies and industrial cluster in Taiwan notebook computer industry.

The conceptual framework of this research focuses on exploring the relationship between business strategies and the development of industrial cluster. This research will analyze the issues from the viewpoint of organization ecological theory to understand the competitive strategies of Taiwan’s and China’s notebook computer industries, as well as the formation, reasons and types of industrial cluster. Based on the environmental factors, business characteristics, industrial characteristics and cluster, the researcher then proposes several research hypotheses and tests these hypotheses by statistical analyses.

The research subjects are the notebook computer companies(OEM/ODM) located in Taiwan and Suzhou area in Mainland China, and the suppliers or vendors of the notebook peripherals. Total research samples include 12 computer OEM companies and suppliers in Taiwan. There were 231 copies of the questionnaire being sent out and 51 returned/valid copies (return rate 22.08%) had been analyzed.

The research findings and results show that the effect of industrial cluster is very positive to the development of the industry. The companies within the industrial cluster usually enjoy better interactive mechanism with more efficient information flow. Moreover, the scope of interfirm’s cooperations is clearer. At the same time, the companies with higher clustering involvement have better operational performance. All of the results mentioned above not only can help the firms but also can support the entire industry to gain more competitiveness. For example, currently, the industries of PCD, NB, TFT-LCD, and Mobile Phone in Taiwan have been quite successful to promote Taiwan as a major member in the world’s IT industry.

Facing the growing competition and global trend of“little-profit”,many companies have set the goal of pursuing a greater economic scale for production. This research suggests both the governmental agencies and the related academic institutes should assist or encourage the forming and developing of industrial clusters. More encouraging plans and promoting policies should be proposed for other developing but potential industries to establish their own industrial cluster in order to promise a faster development and a more probable success.

並列關鍵字

Environmental factors ； Notebook computer industry ； business strategies ； industrial characteristics ； business characteristics

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