- 學位論文
會計師選擇、裁量性應計與 公司特性關聯之研究
A Study of The Association Among CPA Selection Discretionary Accruals and Company Characters
摘要
摘 要 正直、誠信是會計師的重要資產，承辦查核簽證業務，應保持超然獨立精神，DeAngelo (1981) 會計師具有發現財務報表錯誤或舞弊之能力，即為專業能力。本研究檢視以審計專家五大及非五大，並按照各產業市場佔有率區別高低審計品質會計師事務所作為審計品質的替代因素，衡量企業選擇會計師的因素，以及根據高、低審計品質區分的會計師事務所所簽證公司特性亦有不同，因國別、國際化程度、組織內部及組織外部結構而有差異性，而Jensen and Meckling (1976) 提出的代理問題，認為：公司不是個人，不會有單一目標，而是各個要素持有者所訂契約的組合體，代理人與主理人因彼此目標不一致而產生利益衝突，甚至產生反功能決策。因代理人採取逆選擇、道德危險等行為，其經濟後果將誘使代理人利用裁決性應計數字從事盈餘管理行為以增加公司的價值。 本研究以八十二年至九十一年間，以產業別市場佔有率為會計師專業能力之替代衡量，探討上市公司選任會計師事務所的標準，是否因會計師專業能力不同而產生差異。以Logit的研究方法驗證假說二，探討上市公司因應計項目特性愈強，是否影響審計品質，並控制影響選任會計師的因素，而審計品質以會計師專業能力衡量。並採用最小平方法(OLS)驗證假說三，會計師事務所如何捕捉盈餘管理。 實證結果發現，營業週期與預期不符，另外低審計品質會計師事務所查核之公司其盈餘管理幅度大於高審計品質，顯示管理者利用裁量性應計數字作盈餘管理。以基準為前題下之門檻，高審計品質查核之公司其盈餘管理幅度較低審計品質之會計師事務所為低。
並列摘要
DISSERTATION ABSTRACT Name: Christian Chen Month/Year: May, 2004 Advisor: Jiu – Young Jian, Ph.D. Tsou, Bernard Yih, Ph.D. Title: A Study of The Association among CPA Seletion、Discretionary Accrual And Company Characters The study aims to examine the top five and non-top five auditing experts, together with differentiating the quality of audit work by the accounting firms by industry market share as the alternative factor for gauge the quality of audit to measure what factors affect a business’s choosing an accounting firm, and that the varied company characteristics in audits issued by accounting firms differentiated by a lower auditing quality would also differ by country, level of globalization, as well as an organization’s internal and external structures. While Jensen and Meckling (1976) reckoned in conjunction with the representation issue that they raised that since companies, unlike individuals, are less likely to have only one singular objective, but rather a collective entity deriving from the owner of various elements in a contractual relationship, hence the representing party and the managing party may likely to confront conflict of interest due to varied objectives, or even lead to counterproductive decision-making. In light that a representing party tends to heed to reversal selection and moral crisis conducts, the economic consequences would tend to lure the representing party to utilize judgmental accountable figures to carry out earnings management that would poise to increase a company’s valuation. The study aims to focus on industry market share spanning from 1993 to 2002 as the alternative measurements in gauging the accountants’ professional competency, and to examine whether the criteria that public-listed companies adopt in selecting their accountants bear any difference due to varied professional competency among the accountants. The Logit study method is used to validate hypothesis II to whether a more dynamic characteristic in public-listed company’s contingent accounting categories would come to affect the quality of audit, and elements that affect the choice of an accounting firm are manipulated to determine how the quality of audit can be measured by an accountant’s professional competency. The ordinary least squares method (OLS) is used to validate Hypothesis III, which focuses on how accounting firms grapple earnings management. The experiment findings conclude that the operating cycle does not conform to what has been anticipated, and that the propensity of earnings management on company audits performed by low auditing quality accounting firms is found exceeding those with a higher auditing quality, an indicative sign that the management has taken to judgmental accountable figures in its earnings management. In terms of a requisite threshold taken to the industry standards, the propensity of earnings management on company audits performed with a higher auditing quality is seen lower than that of earnings management on company audits performed with a lower auditing quality.