機床結構動態特性分析與優化設計

Dynamic Analysis and Optimization Design for Machine Tools Structure

張清圳(Ching-Jun Zhang)

指導教授 ： 康淵

中原大學/工學院/機械工程研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200400640

摘要

本文探討中碳鋼材料與抗振性(高阻尼特性)材料之機床工作台結構的動態特性與結構優化設計。利用ANSYS有限元素分析軟體作為分析的工具，進行工作台之模態分析、動剛度分析及結構優化設計分析。
針對中碳鋼與抗振性材料試片進行模態測試，比較兩種材料試片之動態特性，再經由自由振盪衰退率與有限元素暫態分析比對，找出抗振性材料之質量比例阻尼與剛度比例阻尼。
工作台模態分析中，以三種工作台的組合狀況作為分析對象。分別為單純的工作台模型、受線性滑軌彈性支持影響的工作台模型以及受線馬動子慣量及其撓性之影響的工作台模型。求得其共振頻率與模態振形。
在動剛度分析，當工作台為抗振性材料時，將實驗與分析比對得到的阻尼特性，帶入ANSYS的材料性質中進行分析，並與中碳鋼的工作台動剛度比較。
結構優化設計，使用ANSYS最佳化模組，以提高工作台第一模態頻率與降低工作台重量為目標，進行工作台結構尺寸優化設計。
試片模態測試結果，可以得到抗振性材料的模態阻尼比較中碳鋼材料之模態阻尼比高2至4倍。工作台結構模態分析與動剛度分析，中碳鋼材料的工作台之共振頻率與動剛度比抗振性材料工作台來的好。而抗振性材料則有較佳的抑制振幅能力。最佳化設計中，中碳鋼與抗振性材料工作台的動態性能在伯仲之間，且抗振性材料工作台的重量還比中碳鋼材料的工作台來的輕

關鍵字

優化設計 ； 阻尼特性 ； 抗振性材料 ； 動態分析

並列摘要

The study to research dynamic characteristic and the optimization design with medium carbon steel and vibration-proof (high damping characteristic) material of machine tools structural. Using the FEM software ANSYS doing modal analysis, dynamic stiffness analysis and optimization design of worktable structure.
Doing the modal test of medium carbon steel and vibration-proof material, compared with two kind of materials dynamic characteristic. Then by way of the rate of decay of oscillation and the FEM transient analysis, to discovers mass and stiffness proportion damping of vibration-proof material.
In modal analysis, takes the analysis object by three kinds of worktable combination conditions. Respectively be only worktable model, linear slideway elasticity support influence worktable model, and linear motor mover inertia and its flexibility influence worktable model. Obtains it resonance frequency and mode shape.
In Dynamic stiffness analysis, when worktable for vibration-proof Material, By way of experiments and FEM analysis to obtain the damping characteristic. The damping characteristics are used in ANSYS dynamic stiffness analysis, and compare with the medium carbon steel worktable.
In the structural optimization design, use the ANSYS optimization module, take enhances the first nature frequency and reduce the worktable weight as the goal, doing structural optimization design of worktable size.

並列關鍵字

dynamic analysis ； vibration-proof material ； optimization design ； damping characteristic.

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