清代至日治昭和中期（1684～1937）臺灣地方城市文脈變遷之研究

A study on the transition of urban context of traditional walled cities in Taiwan（1684~1937）

鄭欽方(Chin-Fang Cheng)

指導教授 ： 閻亞寧 ； 黃俊銘

中原大學/設計學院/建築研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200500697

摘要

臺灣在中國歷史上開發的時間較晚，因著地理位置、移民拓殖和政治思考的影響，無論在是否設治與後續的築城方式及配置，與中國其他地區的城市形成均有所差異。近年文化資產的保存多著重於單點的建築，對於城市的整體空間或文脈部份，則較少提出由歷史文化觀點的保存。1982年公布的文化資產保存法所稱文化資產，對古蹟的界定僅止於遺址、古建築物、其它文化遺跡等三類，關注的重點明顯針對單點建築的保存。因應著保存思潮的變遷，2002年修訂的文化資產保存法才將傳統聚落與古市街納入古蹟的範疇。2005年新修訂的文化資產保存法將古蹟、歷史建築、聚落合併成一項，納入文化資產，漸漸由單點的保存觀念擴散成線形甚而面形的區域保存觀念。期望透過本研究，藉以瞭解臺灣地方城市文脈變遷的過程與發展，建立未來保存工作的參考。

本研究以臺灣城市為探究文脈變遷課題，藉形態與類型學，解析城市的整體空間結構。首先以各時期的城市圖版作交叉疊圖比對，解析從清代至日治城市變遷過程中，各時期主要的城市文脈，進而解讀其變遷與發展。惟鳳山縣舊城（左營）與恆春縣城於日治時期未發布相關市區改正，故不列入本研究範圍。

本研究共分為三個部份探討。第一部份探究臺灣地方城市築城與發展背景，透過貫時性的研究，由清代的傳統築城政策到日治的近代化政策，探討不同概念下的背景轉變。第二部份為分析臺灣地方城市文脈，以城市的外形與環境，探討選址與周圍環境，進而解析主要道路與重要公共建築物。第三部份為探討城市的轉化與發展，以傳統城市受日治市區計畫改正的過程中，解析城市文脈特質轉化發展模式。

關鍵字

日治時期 ； 文脈 ； 清代 ； 地方城市

並列摘要

Taiwan was a later development in Chinese history, compared to the other cities on the
mainland. Due to its geographical location, immigration, and political concerns, Taiwan’s
landscape is significantly different from cities’ on the mainland, whether on the subject of the establishment of counties or the formation and arrangement of town buildings later on. In recent years, the preservation of cultural heritage focuses more on individual architecture and puts little attention on the preservation from the perspective of historical culture on cities’ overall space or
urban context. In the cultural assets preservation regulations published and proclaimed in 1982, the heritage in its cultural assets definition refers to three categories: remains, historical architectures and other cultural relics, which explicitly emphasizes more on the preservation of individual
architecture. In response to changes of thoughts on preservation and conservation of cultural heritage, traditional settlement and historical streets and roads are included in the heritage definition, on the 2002 newly revised cultural assets preservation regulations. In the revised regulations, heritage, historical architecture, and settlement are combined into one category as a part of cultural assets, in which the conception of preservation has changed from individual building to linear or even to a wide range of areas. This thesis is expected to understand the process and development of traditional walled cities to serve as a reference for future preservation and conservation pursuit.
This thesis is to study the transition of taiwanese cities’ urban context from the perspectives of morphology and typology to analyze the overall cities’ spatial structure. It starts with utilizing cities’ map in different periods to overlap and compare to analyze cities’ major urban contexts in
different periods during the time from Ching Dynasty to Japanese colonization period. This would allow us to interpret and understand cities changes and development. However, it is found that there were no town rearrangements published for Old Town (Zuo-Ying) in Feng-Shan County and Heng-Chun county Town, so these two cities are excluded in this study.
This study comprises three discussions in three aspects. In the first section, it studies on the
building and development backgrounds of aiwanese cities and towns. By cross-time analyses, this
section discusses the background transitions under different strategies made from the traditional town building policy in Ching Dynasty and modernization strategies in Japanese colonization period. The second part is to analyze cities’ urban context by their landscapes and surroundings to discuss the location selection and environments and further to interpret main roads and important public architectures. The last discussion is to understand the changes and development of cities by analyzing the characteristics of city urban contexts with emphases on the city transition from traditional Chinese cities to total city reconstruction in Japanese colonization period.

並列關鍵字

Japanese colonization period ； Ching Dynasty ； Walled cit

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