供應鏈結合利潤分享與銷售下之最佳訂購策略

Optimal Order Supply Chain Strategy under Revenue-Sharing and Joint Sale

賴俊諺(Chun-Yen Lai)

指導教授 ： 黃惠民

中原大學/電機資訊學院/工業與系統工程研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200900826

摘要

傳統上供應鏈裡的成員都是互為獨立的，上游的製造商制定了價格後便將商品賣給下游的零售商，而零售商再將商品賣給最終消費者。這些交易過程中，供應鏈裡的各成員因互為獨立關係，因此各自都必須承擔：存貨或缺貨等風險。本研究以供應鏈中單一製造商及單一零售商為出發點，來探討單期存貨中利潤分享問題。零售商需將實際利潤以比例方式分享予上游製造商。其目的是讓彼此互惠進而達到互利共生，促使供應鏈裡整體利潤達到最大化。 本研究採用單期存貨模式來探討兩階供應鏈，並以生命週期短、需求波動性大之流行性產品為主要對象。透過結合利潤分享模式以降低上下游廠商因需求不確定性所造成交易之風險。另外，本研究亦將需求與價格互為相依之因素加入利潤分享模式下，使需求成為價格相依之隨機需求，利用價格機制以降價之方式來改變產品之需求，促進顧客之購買意願，以增加既有產品售出之機率，達成通路整合之目的。 本研究使用兩階Stackelberg 賽局理論手法來解決利潤分享模式問題並考量需求與價格之相依特性，個別探討供應鏈中製造商及零售商分別擔任領導者與追隨者之情況下所產生之利潤模式。利用數學軟體Maple 12 求得模式在不同情況下之最佳訂購量，並進行數值範例及敏感度分析。以供應鏈成員中擔任領導者之廠商為策略制定者，求得整體利潤最大化之目標。

關鍵字

利潤分享 ； Stackelberg 賽局理論 ； 價格相依 ； 存貨

並列摘要

In the traditional supply chain members act independently. Producers set prices and sell
products to retailers, and retailers sell the products to the ultimate consumers. Members in the supply chain act their independent to derive optimal solutions. The study is restricted to single producer, single retailer and single period inventory model. Retailer shares profit with producer to maximize the profits in the whole supply chain through long terms cooperation.
Due to fashionable products with short life cycle, large demand volatility incurs in the
two-stage supply chain this research. The risk of demand uncertainty is reduced through vertically profits sharing model. Furthermore, price dependent demand and pricing is considered.
Two-stage Stackelberg model is used to solve the profit sharing and the price dependent of demand model. The profit model where the producer is the leader is used. ‘Maple 12’ software is used to derive the order quantity, carry out the simulation and sensitivity analysis.

並列關鍵字

Price Dependent ； Stackelberg game ； Revenue sharing ； Inventory

參考文獻

1. Burnetas, A.N., Smith, C.E., 2000, “Adaptive ordering and pricing for perishable products”,Operation Research, Vol. 48, No. 3, 436-443.

2. Cachon, G.P., 2003, “Supply chain coordination with contracts”, in: A.G. de Kok, S.C. Graves(Eds.), Handbooks in Operations Research and Management Science, Vol. 11, Elsevier, North Holland, 227–339.

3. Cachon, G.P., Lariviere, M.A., 2005, “Supply cahin coordination with revenue-sharing contracts: strengths and limitations”, Management Science, Vol. 51, No. 1, 30-44.

4. Chung, C.S., Flynn, J., and Stalinski, P., 2007, “A single-period inventory placement problem for a supply chain with the expected profit objective”, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 78, 767-781.

5. Dana, J.D., Spier, K.E., 2001, “Revenue sharing and vertical control in the video rental industry”, The Journal of Industrail Economics, Vol. 49, No. 3, 223-245.