- 學位論文
臺灣汽車進口零件物流系統之探討－以某汽車公司為例
A Comparative Study on the Logistic System of Taiwanese Automotive Import Parts－Case Study of Some Motor Company
摘要
台灣汽車產業是屬於“多樣少量”的生產型態，每家汽車廠對於零件的需求量雖有其供應鏈管理(Supplier Chain Management, SCM)做物流管理，但由於台灣汽車市場規模小，組裝廠又多，多數車廠為達最佳生產效益，採用多樣少量的混線生產方式。進口零件從訂購到入庫的作業流程約需時三個月，因此訂料的時間點及訂購的數量，亦提升物料的訂購及庫存管理 的難度。 目前在台灣的汽車廠供應鏈管理中有三種汽車進口零件訂料模式，分別為全散件的汽車進口零組件(Complete Knock Down Lot, CKD Lot)、半散件的汽車進口零組件(Semi Knock Down Lot , SKD Lot)及最低包裝量汽車進口零組件(Part By Part, PXP 或Individual Parts Order, IPO) 訂料模式。公司的物流系統適切與否與存貨的多寡有其相對性，是影響企業經營的一項重要因素。庫存過高會產生存貨成本的增加及營運資金的積壓而阻礙企業的經營。 本研究以國內三個主要汽車公司現存的兩種進口零件的訂貨模式做比較，個案公司如何藉由管理如此繁雜的零件項目及庫存，進而分析上述兩種物料管理系統，在台灣作業環境下何者較適合該公司，同時也對這兩套物流系統問題點做分析及解決之道，是本研究的主要貢獻。
並列摘要
Taiwan’s auto industry is a kind of “low volume high complexity”production model. Each auto maker has a supply chain management department responsible for material flow management. Due to the characteristic of low volume and high competing environment, most of the assembly plants apply mixed model production method meaning different model vehicles are manufactured on the same assembly line. It takes 3 months from ordering an imported part until loading it into the warehouse which makes it more difficult to manage imported material order and stock management compared to local parts material flow. There are 3 types of imported parts material handling system of supply chain management department: Complete Knock Down Lot (CKD Lot), Semi Knock Down Lot (SKD Lot) and Part By Part (PXP) or Individual Parts Order (IPO) ordering system. The volume and the product varieties determine mostly whether the material management is proper or not for the corporations. They also play an important role in the administration of the all kinds of corporations. High stock causes high future development. The subject study is to compare the aforementioned 2 kind of part ordering systems in terms of the administration of highly complicated car parts and related parts stock issues. Then, a proposed conclusion will be summarized to help decide which system is suitable for Taiwan’s auto makers. Also the advantages and disadvantages are listed for these 2 systems in order to give a better figure on the system troubles and resolutions. The major contribution of this study is the objective system comparison and suggestion through practical data procurement and analysis.