聚苯乙烯與聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯及其奈米複合材料

Synthesis and Application of Polystyrene and Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Polymers Nanocomposites

鄭琇毓(HSIU-YU CHENG)

指導教授 ： 葉瑞銘 ； 江彰吉

中原大學/理學院/化學研究所/博士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201000508

摘要

中文摘要
本論文主要是探討不同的合成技術與不同的無機添加物對PS與PMMA奈米複合材料所造成的影響，並針對材料進行熱性質、機械性質與阻氣性質的分析。本研究合成方法主要有三種分別為乳化聚合法、無乳化聚合法與RAFT乳化聚合法。
首先本研究針對無乳化聚合法做探討，所選擇的無機層狀材料分別是絹雲母(Mica)與人工斯皂土(SWN)，在相同的反應條件下我們利用親水共單體甲基丙烯酸2-羥基乙酯(HEMA)來達到乳化的效果，並讓當體順利進入無機層狀材料的層間進行聚合。在PMMA系列中，我們發現添加未改質的SWN可以均勻分散在高分子基材中，因此對熱性質有很大的提升，同樣的添加單層矽酸塩Mica於高分子基材中則是具有優良的阻氣性。在PS共聚物方面我們發現添加物為Mica時不管是機械性質或熱性質都比添加SWN來的優異。
第二部份探討的是RAFT乳化聚合法，本研究利用具有雙硫結構的鏈轉移指示劑(Benzyl Dithiobenzoate)在改質土與SWN層間進行聚合，期望讓高分子鏈末端具有活性，藉由鏈增長的現象將無機層狀材料順利分散在高分子基材中。以PMMA系列而言，添加SWN其熱性質與阻氣性質皆比添加改質土來的優異，但是機械性質方面則是添加改質土所獲得的提升較多。同樣的在PS系列中則是以改質土較易分散在單體中，所以其熱性質明顯提升。
第三部份則是針對層狀材料Mica與奈米微粒Mg(OH)2在乳化聚合法反應下所進行的探討，以PMMA系列而言，在高分子基材中添加Mg(OH)2其熱性質可以提升最多，而機械與阻氣性質方面則是以添加Mica才可以獲得較好的提升，同樣的結果也在PS系列中擭得。

關鍵字

奈米複合材料 ； 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 ； 聚苯乙烯

並列摘要

Abstract

Polymer/SWN nanocomposites were synthesized in the soap-free emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) using 2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate (HEMA). The SWN in the polymer/SWN nanocomposites was individually dispersed in water, and these are adsorbed on the surface of monomer droplets. Polymer/SWN nanocomposites were obtained by adding an aqueous dispersion of layered silicate to the polymer emulsion. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FT-IR spectra were utilized to characterize the structures of the nanocomposites. The degree of dispersion of these nanocomposites was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, the thermal and mechanical properties of polymer/SWN nanocomposites were determined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The increased tanδ of the obtained nanocomposites is caused by the fine dispersion of SWN particles into the polymer matrix.

PS and PMMA were prepared using SWN nanocomposites using with benzyl dithiobenzoate by the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of emulsion. These polymer/SWN have been shown to be highly effective in RAFT polymerization. The molecular weight and polydispersion of these polymer/SWNs in RAFT polymerization can be predetermined. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were utilized to characterize the structures of the nanocomposites. The degree of dispersion of these nanocomposites was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The thermal and mechanical properties of polymer/SWN nanocomposites were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The fine dispersion of SWN particles into the polymer matrix increases tanδ of the obtained nanocomposites. The permeability coefficient of O2 declined from 12.0 to 2.7 g cm/cm2 s cmHg.

Polymer/mica nanocomposites of styrene or methyl methacrylate have been prepared by emulsion polymerization. For the polymer /mica nanocomposites, the mica was dispersed individually in water, and we found that they are adsorbed on the surface of monomer droplets. Polymer/mica nanocomposites were obtained by adding an aqueous dispersion of layered silicate into the polymer emulsion. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FT-IR spectra were used to characterize the structures of the nanocomposites. The degree of dispersion these nanocomposites were investigated by using a transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore，the thermal and mechanical properties of polymer/mica nanocomposites were determined by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA). The increased Tanδ of the obtained nanocomposites is ascribed to the fine dispersion of mica particles into the polymer matrix.

並列關鍵字

Nanocomposites ； PS ； PMMA

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