社會資本對實務社群學習活動之影響之研究

A Study of the Impacts of Social Capital on the Learning Activities of Communities of Practice (CoPs)

江慧婷(Hui-Ting Chiang)

指導教授 ： 謝龍發

中原大學/商學院/企業管理研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201100262

摘要

在當今的競爭環境，企業為確保其創新與研發活動的能力，都努力激勵其組織成員持續地擴展他們的學習活動。其中一種方式為Wenger (2002)等人所提出的實務社群概念，實務社群為同一組織或跨組織成員所組成的非正式團體，其成員透過定期聚會，分享工作相關重要的資訊、經驗、觀念等，在不間斷的互動基礎上加深他們的知識和專業知識、技術。在實務社群中，其培養出來的社會資本可以使個人的工作更有效率，甚至使組織能更好的管理其知識資源。如果社群裡擁有豐富的社會資本，其成員間會有良好的溝通，也會用更多時間相處，且相互幫助，並對共同的利益作出貢獻。
因此本研究採取此實務社群的概念，來探討團隊成員的社會資本與實務社群學習活動的關係，以及對其研發績效的影響。同時並探討參與式領導風格作為社會資本與研發學習活動的干擾變數效果。
研究假設採取問卷調查方式驗證，研究對象為台灣高科技產業之研發人員，發放300份問卷，204份有效回收問卷，有效問卷回收率為68%。
分析問卷資料後，得到之研究結果如下：
1. 本研究假設社會資本對於實務社群學習活動有正面影響效果，其研究結果證實，三項有關社會資本的構面中，信任與角色取替皆對四項實務社群之學習活動構面(觀察、對話、實踐、協調)有顯著的正面影響；而社會資本中互動只對於實務社群活動的四項構面中的一項(觀察)有正面的影響。
2. 本研究假設實務社群之學習活動會對研發績效產生正面影響，其研究結果證實，四項學習活動中，觀察與協調對於研發績效有正面的影響效果，而對話與實踐對於研發績效卻沒有顯著的影響效果。
3. 本研究假設參與式領導風格為社會資本與實務社群學習活動之干擾變數，其研究結果不支持這項假設，也就是說參與事領導風格並沒有顯著的干擾影響效果。

關鍵字

研發績效 ； 實務社群 ； 社會資本 ； 參與式領導風格

並列摘要

In today’s competitive environment, firms will exert all their might to ensure that their employees continuously enlarge their learning activities in order to promote the research and development (R&D) outcomes and enhance their level of innovation.
One way is developing communities of practice defined by Wenger et al. (2002) as a group of people who share a concern, a set of problems, or a passion about a topic, and deepen their knowledge and expertise in this area by interacting on an ongoing basis. In CoPs, social capital will be fostered and tapped when needed to enable individuals to perform their works more efficiently and effectively, and even to enable an organization to better manage its knowledge resources. Communities that are rich in social capital tend to communicate well. Their members spend time together, help each other, and contribute to the collective common good.
This study will focus on the relationship between “social capital” and “learning activities of the CoPs”, and then the effects of “learning activities of the CoPs” on the “R&D performance”, along with the moderating role of participative leadership on the relationship between “social capital” and “learning activities of the CoPs”.
A questionnaire survey was designed to test the research hypotheses. This study surveyed 300 participants from R&D project teams of firms belonging to the high-tech industries in Taiwan. We received 210 questionnaires of which 6 were deleted as ineffective questionnaires. That resulted in 204 effective questionnaires and a respondent rate of 68%. The results find that:
1) Among the three aspects of social capital, trust and perspective taking have positive impacts on all four aspects of learning activities of CoPs, while interaction largely has no effects on learning activities of CoPs with only a mild effect on bargaining.
2) Among the four constructs of learning activities of the CoPs, both observation and bargaining positively affect R&D performance. And, conversation and practicing of learning activities of the CoPs have no significant impact on R&D performance.
3) There is no significant moderating effect of participative leadership on the relationship between social capital and learning activities of the CoPs.

並列關鍵字

R&D performance ； Social capital ； Communities of practice (CoPs) ； participative leadership

參考文獻

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