- 學位論文
二階信用交易下零售商考慮部分付款政策之最適經濟訂購策略
The Optimal Retailer's Ordering Policy under Two-Level Trade Credit with Partial Payment Financing
摘要
在市場競爭的時代，企業不僅必須達到節省成本、增加利潤之外，也必須要有強而有力的銷售手段，才能達到對企業最有利的交易模式。在現實交易環境下，大部分零售商會提供顧客一個優渥的信用交易方案，以增加顧客購買意願。本研究零售商提供顧客一個延後付款期限，在顧客購買商品時必須先預付頭期款(down payment)(或稱為訂金)，以保障零售商本身的權益，因此本研究針對部分付款(partial payment)的方式進行探討。 本研究即針對二階信用交易探討供應商、零售商及顧客三者之間的關係，並以零售商的立場來決定最佳訂購策略。此時零售商建立了存貨模型，經由供應商提供完整的信用交易給零售商，以及零售商提供部分信用交易給顧客，構成本研究的存貨模型。在信用交易的相關研究中，零售商付款方式大多採取只支付目前所有銷售物品的金額，保持利潤作為其他用途，如此意味著零售商將會全額貸款。本篇為了讓付款方式更接近於現實，付款方式為在零售商一有銷貨收入時便立刻支付欠款，再對不足額部分進行貸款。 本研究推廣Huang & Hsu (2008)之零售商在供應鏈中部分信用交易下的存貨模型，並採用另一種付款方式來探討，得到存貨的模型中最佳訂購週期時間、總相關成本和訂購量的結果。最後，利用敏感度分析來討論參數變動對整體結果的影響，來提供零售商在處李存貨決策時優先順序上的參考，並提出結論與後續研究之建議。
並列摘要
In reality, it is quite competitive in the market today, companies achieve advantage by giving customers the benefit on credit trade terms to improve customer’s willingness on purchasing products. In this research, retailer allows customers to postpone the bill only when they prepaid the down payment or pay the deposits while purchasing. This research focuses on the partial payment method to explore the inventory model. This study discusses the relationships among supplier, retailer and customers under the situation of two levels of trade credit. Moreover, this study tries to analyze and make an optimal ordering strategy from retailer's standpoint. This research has established inventory model for a retailer who receives a full trade credit from its supplier, and offers a trade credit with due date and partial payment to its customers. In research relevant to trade credit, the method that retailer pays off all units sold and keeps the profits for other uses is adopted by most researches. This paper establishes the other payment method to make the model more practical, that is, the retailer pays off the amount owed to the supplier whenever the retailer has money obtained from sales in payment. This paper generalizes Huang & Hsu's (2008) inventory model with retailer partial trade credit policy in supply chain under the other payment method that to get the optimal cycle times, the annual total relevant costs and optimal order quantities of the inventory model. Finally, the sensitivity analysis is executed to investigate how various parameters effect entire result, and research suggestions are also demonstrated to facilitate further exploring in this field.