- 學位論文
零售商考慮部分信用交易與付款方式下之最佳經濟訂購策略
The Optimal Retailer’s Order Policy under the Partial Trade Credit and Payment Method
摘要
傳統經濟訂購批量模型，指的是當零售商收到貨品的同時，就必須支付給供應商所有貨品的款項。然而在實際的交易環境中，供應商會為了吸取更大量的訂單，而給予零售商一段『延後付款期限』的優惠條件，該條件即為學者們探討的『信用交易』之概念。 本研究為針對一階信用交易下，供應商與零售商之間的交易關係。本研究將由零售商的角度來決定其最佳的經濟訂購策略，並且透過Huang (2005)『部分信用交易之下，零售商的最佳經濟訂購策略』、Huang (2009)『使用代數方法探討部分信用交易之下，零售商的最佳經濟訂購策略』之概念下，來建立零售商的經濟訂購批量模型。而在信用交易等相關研究資料顯示，大多數的零售商在信用交易到期時，會以『延後付款期限到期前所銷售的商品數量』與『購買商品的單位成本』來支付給供應商，並保持其餘利潤以便用作其他用途。亦即是，零售商將會開始貸款信用交易期限到期後剩餘的全額款項，並且承受利息費用，而上述付款方式稱為『第一種到期付款方式』。為了讓該付款方式更趨近於真實的交易環境，本研究採取了Teng (2007)『第二種到期的付款方式』，也就是在信用交易期限到期時，零售商將不再持有任何的利潤來支付給供應商，若有款項不足支付的情況產生，則再對不足支付的款項進行貸款動作，並且承受利息費用。 本研究將探討存貨模型中的最佳訂購週期、最佳訂購量與總相關成本之關聯性。最後，本研究使用敏感度分析來探討各個參數變動對整體結果的影響程度，進而提供企業在處理存貨決策時，在各個因素之間應該被優先考量的順序參考，並提出本研究的結論與後續研究的建議。
並列摘要
Traditional Economic order quantity (EOQ) model subscribes that retailers have to pay all amount of goods from suppliers when they receive goods at the same time. However, suppliers hope to promote more deals from retailers, therefore they will offer the retailers a condition of “delayed payment term” in the actual trading situation. That is the concept of “Trade Credit” as referenced before. This study investigates the relationship between a supplier and a retailer in the situation of one level of trade credit, and decides the best economic order policy from retailer’s viewpoint by adopting the concept of Huang’s (2005) “Retailer’s inventory policy under supplier’s partial trade credit term” and Huang’s (2009) “Retailer’s economic ordering quantity under partial payments delay: an algebraic approach” to build the retailer’s economic order quantity model. Past researches of trade credit show that most retailers will pay the supplier by the “the amount of goods sold on the due date of delayed payment term” and “the unit purchasing cost of goods,” and keep the excess profits for other investing purposes. In addition, retailers will finance the rest debts after the due date of the credit trade and hold the interest earned, and this is referred as the “first payment method.” In order to make payment method more realistic in practice, this study employs the concept of Teng’s (2007) “Retailer’s optimal ordering policy with trade credit financing” as the “second alternative payment method.” This means that retailers will pay the supplier whenever they receive the money from the customers. If retailers are short of money to pay to the supplier, then they have to lend money to complete the payment and pay the interest expense. This study has investigated the relationships among optimal replenishment cycle time, the optimal order quantity, and the optimal annual total relevant cost in inventory model. This study then simulates and prioritizes the impact level from each parameter by sensitivity analysis, and the numerical results will facilitate the enterprises to solve their inventory problems. Finally, this study draws some conclusions and gives several suggestions for further research.