黄武東與台灣基督長老教會主體意識的變遷(1951-1965)

Wu-Dong Huang and Historical Development of Main Ideology of Taiwan Presbyterian Churches(1951-1965)

陸毓輝(Yuh-Huei Luh)

指導教授 ： 吳昶興

中原大學/人文與教育學院/宗教研究所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201401059

摘要

摘要
本文主要探討 1950 至1960 年代台灣基督長老教會的主體意識，長老會歷經晚清、日治、光復等不同時期的統治，教會也歷經英、日殖民主義、大中國乃至於本土認同的社會遷，因此，做為本土教會的長老教會，其教會主體意識是如何形成的？為何在1950 年代以後會有那樣劇烈的變遷？從歷史發展來看，在二戰之後，台灣長老教會總會的創立，加入普世教協(WCC) 和世界長老會聯盟(WPA)，參與普世合一運動，與國際接軌。然而台灣長老會在倍加運動、百年設教大會中，卻遭到萬國教協(ICCC) 為討好國民黨政府而誣陷是一個「親共」、「容共」的基督教團體，因而退出普世教協。長老會在承受內、外壓迫的環境下，台灣基督長老教會的主體意識有著明顯的轉型，從過去注重福音宣教事工的信仰立場，轉型為台灣人民爭取人權自主自決的政治主體意識型態，這樣的變遷與之前有極大的轉向，值得深入分析探討，成為本文的研究動機與主要目的。
台灣基督長老教會近幾十年雖然有各種的自決運動，其中以1971 年台灣人民自決運動中的「國是聲明」和1973 年之「台灣人民自決運動宣言」最具震撼力。與國語教會不同的是，台灣基督長老教會為何從福音宣教事工的宗教立場轉型為台灣人民爭取人權自主自決的政治主體意識型態，表面上是台灣基督長老教會基於當時國際局勢動盪不安，台灣的退出聯合國和美國總統尼克森訪問中國可能危及台灣人民生活的基本人權，結合信仰的關懷，對土地和人民的認同所發起的，但長老教會主體意識這樣的急遽轉變，都可追溯自黃武東議長帶領下的長老會總會、百年設教大會、倍加運動這個時期所播下的種子。
由於這段歷史，過去的研究經常一筆帶過，少有深入性的研究，故此，本文便設定以黃武東議長所帶領下的長老會與設教百週年倍加運動這一時期做為研究台灣基督長老教會的主體意識變遷的主題與焦點，期能對台灣基督長老教會政治神學背後的歷史有更多的掌握。
關鍵字：長老會總會、長老教會主體意識、設教百週年大會、倍加運動

關鍵字

設教百週年大會 ； 倍加運動 ； 長老會總會 ； 長老教會主體意識

並列摘要

Abstract
This thesis is to study the main ideology of Taiwan Presbyterian Churches (TPC)
in the period of 1950-1960. Taiwan Presbyterian Churches has been through late
Ching Dynasty, Japanese Occupation, and Taiwan Restoration periods. Churches went
through social changes from English and Japanese colony periods, then reverted back
to Greater China and to indigenous recognition of local churches periods. How was
the main ideology of Presbyterian churches formed? Why there were such tremendous
shifts? Historically, Taiwan Presbyterian Churches Council (TPCC) was established
after World War II. Then TPCC became a member of World Council of Churches
(WCC) and World Presbyterian Alliance (WPA). TPCC was participating in
Ecumenical Unity Movement and being part of international churches.
During Multiplication Movement and Centennial Celebration of Presbyterian
Churches Establishment period, Taiwan Presbyterian Churches was facing the
accusation of Kuo-Ming-Tung (KMT) government. KMT government labelled TPC
as a “Communist Alliance” Christian organization. TPCC was forced to withdraw
from WCC. Under internal and external pressures situation Taiwan Presbyterian
Churches had a significant paradigm shift on her main ideology. It changed from the
stand of emphasizing Gospel evangelism in the past to a political main ideology of
advocating human rights and self-determination of Taiwanese people. Such a
tremendous change from the past and its major shift on main ideology is a worthwhile
research and analysis. This is the intention and purpose of this thesis study.
In past decades there were several Self-Determination movements from Taiwan
Presbyterian Churches. Among those movements two had the most impact. They were
1971 “National Proclamation” and 1973 “Proclamation of Taiwanese
Self-Determination”. There was a difference between Taiwanese-speaking churches
and Mandarin-speaking churches in this stand. The shift of TPC was transitioning
III
from a religious stand of gospel evangelism ministry to a political ideology of
advocating human rights and self-determination of Taiwanese people. On surface such
changes came from international instability, Taiwan’s withdraw from UN Security
Council, and US president Nixon’s visit to China for normalization with China. Those
events might jeopardize the basic human living rights of Taiwanese people.
Those self-determination movements were launched on the bases of combining
religious concerns and recognition of Taiwanese people and her land. However such a
drastic shift of main ideology in TPC can be traced back to Mr. Wu-Dong Huang
(TPCC Council Chairman) and his leadership in TPCC at that period of time. In this
period (1951-1965) Centennial Celebration of Churches Establishment and P.K.U.
have sowed the seed of self-determination in the land of Taiwan.
Because this period of history in many past studies they were vague and few
deeper research on the subject. So that this study is based on the period of Centennial
Celebration of Presbyterian Churches Establishment and P.K.U. led by TPCC
chairman Wu Dong Huang. The theme of this study is focused on the main ideology
shifts of Presbyterian Churches. This thesis will give better understanding and handle
of historical backgrounds behind political theology of Taiwan Presbyterian Churches.
Key Words: Presbyterian Churches Council, Main Ideology of Presbyterian Churches,
Centennial Celebration of Presbyterian Churches, P.K.U..

並列關鍵字

Centennial Celebration of Presbyterian Churches ； P.K.U.. ； Presbyterian Churches Council ； Main Ideology of Presbyterian Churches

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