- 學位論文
工程契約履約爭議之研究-以指示變更為中心
A Study of Construction Contract Disputes-Focusing on Contractual Change Order
摘要
摘要 工程契約成立後其所生之爭議蓋以民事之法律關係規範之，其可能發生債務不履行（給付不能、不完全給付、給付遲延、拒絕給付）以及瑕疵擔保給付責任問題，又工程契約係以承攬關係為中心，但我國法中承攬一節並未針對工程契約之特性訂有特別規定，因此有出現法律適用爭議之問題，因此應針對工程契約特性，從實務的角度探討各種不同工程契約所造成問題之法律適用。 契約之履行階段是爭議發生之重點階段，由於營建工程之時間長、範圍廣、金額高，在施作過程中因各種不可預期或抗力因素造成各種工程延遲以及價金變化，最終均歸為請求賠償或延長履約期限問題，因此需要個別加以探討其請求權之基礎，責任的區分以及其所適用之法律關係，本文將針對重點項目做一討論。 契約之變更亦為工程契約爭議發生之主要原因，尤以公共工程契約訂定時，由於招標決標之程序與文件準備工作複雜度高，及各項工程進行中之不預期因素情狀之改變，例如社會物價大幅波動，或國家政策走向變更，使得承包商或業主需對原簽訂之契約變更之情形實非罕見，其中所造成之效果可能造成工程之中止甚或解除，其影響甚為巨大，因此本文將針對契約變更之主要類型與其效果做一介紹，並以臺大小巨蛋一案為例，解析目前實務上之見解與結論。 因應工程契約之高複雜度與爭議性，於1913年成立之FIDIC組織發佈了一系列各種工程契約範本，以便於業主與包商間之契約簽訂有一份清楚且完整之參考書。因此我國各機關隨後亦頒佈類似之工程契約範本供其簽訂契約時之參考，唯各版本間均有差異，可能會造成適用上之困擾與爭議，因此本文將國內主要之工程契約範本與國際上最常使用之FIDIC範本做一整理比較，從中觀察我國範本與國際範本間之差異，並且瞭解我國於工程契約之簽訂上之實務操作情形為何，以澄清法令規定與實務間之差別。 最後將總結以上各項討論之議題，綜觀我國工程契約之類型與其法律性質，關於履約以及變更所產生之爭議，加上實務上我國政府各機關所制訂之契約範本內容與國際工程契約範本之比較，祈對於我國工程契約變更所生之爭議有通盤之瞭解。
並列摘要
Abstract After the constitution of contractual contracts, disputes are governned by civil law. During the performance of the contracts, we may have the issues of not performing (not possible to perform/incompletely perform/default/refuse to perform) and the warranty of defects. Meanwhile, contractual contracts focus on the “Hire of Work”, but in Taiwan Civil Law, there is no such regulation provided by the act specificly for contractual contracts when disputes happen. Therefore, the intention of this dissertation is to study the proper law, which applies accordingly to different disputes of contractual contracts from the practical point of view. The majority of disputes happen during the performing stage due to the specific property of the contractual contracts (long-term, wide-coverage and high-volume). During aforementioned stage, the performance could be defaulted by unexpected circumstances or force majeure, and develope liability or duration extending issues. In this dissertation, we will discuss the claim grounds, liability derived from the legal relation. The contractual change order is one of the major types of disputes, and those disputes happen especially during the performing of the public construction contracts. The high complexity of the bidding process and the document preparation, also the price index variation and the dratic government policy changing can make the undertaker or proprietor change the original contracts. The changing can cause the termination or rescission of the contract, which will impact drastically the performance of such contracts. Therefore, in the dissertation we will introduce the major types of contract changings and their effects, then comment on the case of NTU Sports Center as an instance to see what the judicial opinion is. Responding to the high complexity and controversy of the construction contract, FIDIC, founded in 1913, released a series of “Condition of Contract” for undertaker and proprietor to have a good reference when drafting a construction contract. Then Taiwan also announced several similar condition of contract for local reference. Among different conditions of contract, there are many differences, which may cause disputes, therefore this dissertation will try to consolidate and compare the differences between the most common “condition of contract” used in Taiwan constructional contracts to see how different those are from the FIDIC version. In the meantime, we can understand how we operate in practical to draft the construction contracts in Taiwan. Given that, we can clarify the difference between judicial regulation and practical operation. Through this study, hope we can have a better understanding of the disputes of the construction contracts especially those derived from the change order by consolidating the majority of disputes and their legal relation and comparing the differences between local and FIDIC condition of contract.